Event Plan for Themed Art Exhibition - 5816 Words

La Moda E ArtePresents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..‘Student Life’A themed art exhbition. | | | | | | | | Contents page * Project partners * Event concept * Objectives * Resources * Analysis * Marketing plan * Design plan * Operation plan * Project management plan * Financial plan Project partners The sickle cell society are our main partners, this is the chosen organisation we will be donating a percentage of the final profit too. After having spoken to the management team in charge of the organisation they have confirmed their participation and are willing to provide us with as much support as possible. At the event they will be sending us members of staff to help promote their charity by†¦show more content†¦On the night the artists will be at the gallery displaying their work. Waiters/waitresses: On the night the waiters and waitresses are required to serve food and drink on the night. Photographers: The photographers are required to take pictures on the night and before the night. Pictures before the event will be of the models representing the artwork. On the night a photographer will be taking photos of the event, these photos will be launched on the website and for personal use. Venue staff: The hiring of venue will include venue staff; they can choose to be there throughout the night. The stylist: The stylist will be given a budget for each model and is required to style and clothe them according to each relevant theme. They will purchase the clothing from various charity shops. Charity representatives: The charity representatives are required to present a speech at the event, elaborating on what the charity does and the reason they are trying to raise funds. They need to be present to answer questions and assist with all the merchandise provided. Event team: We will be managing the event operations on the day and overseeing all decisions to be made in addition to being first point of entry, collecting the tickets and mingling with the customers. Physical and financial resources In order to carry out a successful event we must ensure that all theShow MoreRelatedEvent Industry Suppliers and Event Organisational Structures2724 Words   |  11 PagesEvent Industry Suppliers and Event Organisational Structures Since the beginning of time human beings had the need of having special events. First, they were made for cultural and celebration purposes, but their area increased continuously. Today, the events vary from personal celebrations to mega events, from voluntary events to private musical events, form cultural to sporting events. Shone and parry classify special events by purpose and these are: leisure events (sport, recreation, andRead MoreMacro Environment Factors on Cinema2883 Words   |  12 Pagesoperational synthesis of these key drivers. Statistics for cinema screens, attendance, and seating capacity are shown in the appendix. 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Apa System Free Essays

Referencing using the APA (American Psychological Association) style †¢ About this resource †¢ The APA style †¢ Part 1: In-text Citations †¢ Part 2: Collating a reference list †¢ A sample reference list in APA style †¢ Further reading †¢ Printable copy of this resource (75 KB) About this resource This resource explains some of the more common applications of the APA style. It is based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed. ) (2010), pp. We will write a custom essay sample on Apa System or any similar topic only for you Order Now 169–224. You should always check your unit guide and/or with academic staff (unit chair, lecturer or tutor) to make sure that this is the correct referencing style for your unit. You must reference all material you use from all sources and acknowledge your sources in the body of your paper each time you use a fact, a conclusion, an idea or a finding from someone’s work. This establishes the authority of your work and acknowledges the researchers and writers you have drawn upon in your paper. It is necessary to cite your sources each time you: †¢ reproduce an author’s exact words (quote), that is, copy word for word directly from a text. A page number must be given. †¢ use your own wording (summarise or paraphrase) to explain or discuss what someone has said. You are encouraged to provide page numbers. If you copy an entire table, chart, diagram or graph or if you take only some of the data contained in such sources, you must provide a reference. Sources such as journals, books, encyclopedias, computer programs and software, information from the internet, reports, newspapers, interviews, radio and television must be cited in the body of your paper and detailed in a reference list at the end. Information from Deakin study guides and readers must also be acknowledged. The APA style The APA style of referencing consists of two elements: (1) in-text citations giving author, year and sometimes page number in the body of the paper (2) a reference list at the end of the paper providing the complete details for each in-text citation. Part 1 of this resource deals with in-text citations. Part 2 of this resource shows how to present the related reference list entries for the in-text citations. Part 1: In-text Citations One author When you refer to a single author, include the author’s family name and year of publication, using one of the forms shown here. Clay (2003) argues that having a planned approach to writing essays can be of great benefit. or Essay writing can be made much more manageable if a planned approach is taken (Clay, 2003). For citing an author or authors more than once in any one paragraph, see instructions under Repeat citations of a study within one paragraph. Multiple authors For two authors, include the family name of both authors and year as required. According to Antonakos and Kazanis (2003) there are advantages to keeping design and research methods simple. or There are advantages to keeping design and research methods simple (Antonakos Kazanis, 2003). Use ‘and’ when family names are outside parentheses; use ‘’ when family names are inside parentheses. In the case of three, four or five authors, cite all authors the first time, then in subsequent citations of this work use the family name of the first author plus ‘et al. ‘ and the year as required. Gagliardi, Frederickson and Shanley (2002) argue that in order to provide consistent care, healthcare professionals often face the dilemma of finding similarities in patient responses to illness while at the same time respecting the uniqueness of each individual patient. However, despite any apparent similarities in symptoms or limitations, Gagliardi et al. contend all patients should be treated differently. Furthermore, according to the Roy Adaptation Model (Roy Andrews, 1999), nurses need to make comprehensive assessments of each patient. After the first citation of an author or authors in the narrative (i. e. the author’s name does not appear in parentheses), you need cite only the family names/s in the same paragraph (i. e. no date required). For six or more authors use only the family name of the first author plus ‘et al. ‘ in all citations including the first. Use date as appropriate. Mahon et al. (1997) reviewed how nursing diagnosis content is presented in nursing textbooks. Repeat citations of a study within one paragraph In any one paragraph, if you cite an author/s more than once in the narrative (i. e. the author’s name does not appear in parentheses), include family name/s and year the first time. In subsequent citations in the narrative in the same paragraph you need to cite only the family name/s, provided studies cannot be confused. According to Savage (2004) little attention has been given to the way a nurse might identify and †¦. Savage argues that in an environment of evidence-based practice †¦ In discussing ways of researching emotion, Savage (2004) highlights the importance of†¦ When the name of the author/s and year are in parentheses in any one paragraph, the year is included in subsequent citations. Little attention has been given to the way a nurse might identify and †¦ (Savage, 2004). Savage (2004) argues that in an environment of evidence-based practice †¦ Secondary source Sometimes you read one author (secondary) who cites another (primary). In the example that follows, you have read Savage who referred to a publication by Lupton, but you did not read Lupton yourself. Lupton (as cited in Savage, 2004) distinguishes between â€Å"emotional labour† and â€Å"emotional work†. Note: The entry in the reference list is under Savage. Article or chapter in an edited book An edited book is one that consists of chapters or articles written by different authors. You need to acknowledge the author of the chapter or article you used. This author is cited in text (that is, in the body of the paper) in the same way as for one or more authors. In the example that follows, Naidoo has written a chapter in a book edited by Thorogood and Coombes. In the body of your assignment cite only Naidoo. Naidoo (2000) claims that risk factor simulation models†¦ Note: The entry in the reference list gives full details of the publication. Under the name of the author (Naidoo) you need to give the details of the chapter you read plus the details of the book. Group or organisation as author Where the author is a government agency, association, corporate body or the like, which has a familiar or easily understandable acronym, it is cited as follows: Obesity in Australian men and women increased during the 1980s (National Health and Medical Research Council [ NHMRC ], 1997). A single cause for obesity †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. ( NHMRC , 1997). Note: The entry in the reference list is under National Health and Medical Research Council. No author name provided If no author is designated, cite the first few words of the title, and the year. Full title details are provided in the reference list entry. Studies suggest that many IVF couples would donate excess embryos to scientific research (â€Å"Embryo study,† 2004). Use double quotation marks around the title of an article or chapter. Use italics and no quotation marks in text for the title of a periodical, book, brochure or report with no author. Two or more publications by the same author in the same year If an author has published two or more works in the same year, a lower case letters a,b,c and so forth are used after the date to distinguish between them. Letters are assigned according to the alphabetical order of the title. According to McDonald (2007c) †¦ McDonald (2007a) first suggested †¦ However it has also been noted that †¦ (McDonald, 2007b). No year of publication provided If there no year is given for a source, use n. d. (which stands for no date) after the author’s name. In a detailed analysis, Jones (n. . ) argues †¦ Personal communication Personal communications can include letters, emails, personal interviews, telephone conversations and the like. Cite personal communications in text only; they are not included in a reference list. J. Robinson (personal communication, May 11, 2010) indicated †¦ †¦ (L. Frazer, Manager, Heathville Community Centre, personal communication, Ju ne 4, 2009) Electronic sources The principles for in-text citation of print sources also apply to electronic sources. All electronic sources should therefore be cited according to the name of the author/s. As for print sources, cite by title if there is no author. Many online articles are pdf files, i. e. copies of print documents, so they usually indicate page numbers. Use these page numbers when you cite information from such sources. Some articles are not pdf files and do not have page numbers. In these cases use paragraph numbers, if these are provided. Smith (2003, para. 3) claims †¦ If paragraph numbers are not provided and the document includes headings, use these headings and count the number of paragraphs. Smith (2003, Conclusion section, para. 3) claims †¦ Quotes Short quotes (fewer than 40 words) should run on as part of your sentence with double quotation marks to signal where the quote starts and finishes. The page where the quote comes from must be included. Clay (2003) argues that students experience writer’s block because â€Å"they have not given sufficient thought to reviewing course content and developing their ideas† (p. 47).. Alternatively, Students experience writer’s block because â€Å"they have not given sufficient thought to reviewing course content and developing their ideas† (Clay, 2003, p. 47). Long quotes, known as ‘block quotes’ (more than 40 words) should: †¢ start on a new line be indented about 5 spaces from the left hand margin †¢ be double spaced †¢ omit quotation marks. For example: An important stage in assignment writing is planning. Clay (2003) comments that: Some students are tempted to plunge into writing their assignment, beginning with the introduction b ut soon find that they experience â€Å"writer’s block† and cannot decide what to write next. The problem occurs because they have not given sufficient thought to reviewing course content and developing their ideas about relating the theory to their practice. (p. 47) There are a variety of ways that students can plan †¦ Part 2: Collating a reference list An important purpose of the reference list is to enable readers to locate sources. Therefore details must be correct and complete. Each in-text citation and the related reference list entry should be identical in spelling and year. A work is listed only once in the reference list, regardless of how many times it is cited in text. Works not cited in the text should not appear in the reference list. In compiling your APA reference list, you should: †¢ list references on a new page with a centred heading titled ‘References’ †¢ include books, journal articles, online sources etc. n one alphabetical listing †¢ order entries alphabetically by family name of author/s †¢ list works with no author under the first significant word of the title †¢ indent second and subsequent lines of each entry (5-7 spaces) †¢ use double spacing. Some examples follow; others can be found at www. apastyle. org Note: The examples are s eparated and placed under subheadings here to show each form. In a reference list, however, they would be all together in alphabetical order with no subheadings. Book Author, A. , Author, B. (year). Title of book. City: Publisher. Capitalise only the first letter of the first word of a book title and any proper nouns. The first letter of the sub-title (if any) is capitalised also. Example: Crawford, P. , Brown, B. , Nolan, P. (1998). Communicating care: The language of nursing. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes. Chapter or article in an edited book Author, A. , Author, B. (year). Title of chapter. In C. Editor, D. Editor (Eds. ), Title of book (pp. xx–xx). City: Publisher. Capitalise only the first letter of the first word of an article or chapter title, and any proper nouns. Example: Naidoo, B. (2000). Evaluating the use of public health risk factor simulation models. In M. Thorogood, Y. Coombes (Eds. ), Evaluating health promotion: Practice and methods (pp. 99–109). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Book, online Author, A. , Author, B. (year). Title of book. [details about   the format if available]. Retrieved from web address or doi If a digital object identifier [DOI] is provided then it should be given; if no DOI is available then the web address or uniform resource locator [URL], should be given. Date of retrieval is not required. Example: Munsterberg, H. (1916). The photoplay: A psychological study. Retrieved from http://www. gutenberg. org/files/15383/15383-8. txt Journal article Author, A. , Author, B. (year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), page numbers. †¢ The issue number should be indicated only if each issue of a journal begins on page 1. †¢ Capitalise only the first letter of the first word of an article title and subtitle, and any proper nouns. †¢ Capitalise the first letter of every main word in the journal title. †¢ Include a digital object identifier (DOI) if provided. Examples: Antonakos, C. L. , Kazanis, A. S. (2003). Research process in the health sciences: A focus on methods. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 17, 257–264. Clay, G. (2003). Assignment writing skills. Nursing Standard, 17(20), 47–52. Journal article, online Author, A. (year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number (issue number), page numbers. doi or Retrieved from web address If a digital object identifier [DOI] is provided then it should be given; if no DOI is available then the home page web address of the journal, or uniform resource locator [URL], should be given. Date of retrieval is not required. Examples: Ekwall, A. , Gerdtz, M. Manias, E. (2008). The influence of patient acuity on satisfaction with emergency care: perspectives of family, friends and carers. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17, 800–809. doi:10. 1111/j. 1365-2702. 2007. 02052. x Midford, R. (2005). Australia and alcohol: Living down the legend. Addiction, 100, 891–896. Retrieved from http://www. addictionjournal. or g/ Newspaper article Author, A. (year, month day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, p. x. Example: Wroe, D. (2004, June 24). Canberra enlists GPs in war on smoking. The Age, p. 3. Newspaper article, no author Title of article. (year, month day). Title of Newspaper, p. x. Example: Embryo study nod, OK say IVF couples. (2004, May 31). Herald Sun, p. 10. Newspaper article, online Author, A. (year, month day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper. Retrieved from home page web address Example: Nader, C. (2009, June 19). Mental health issues soar among children. The Age. Retrieved from http://www. theage. com. au/ Group or organisation as author Organisation Name. (Year). Details of the work as appropriate to its form. When the author and publisher are the same, use the word Author as the name of the publisher. Example: Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2007). Migration Australia, 2005-06 (Cat. No. 3412. 0). Canberra:Author. Retrieved from http://www. ausstats. abs. gov. au/ausstats /subscriber. nsf/0/E0A79B147EA8E0B5CA2572AC001813E8/$File/34120_2005-06. pdf Up to seven authors Author, A. , Author, B. , Author, C. , Author, D. , Author, E. , Author, F. , Author, G. (year). Details of the work as appropriate to its form. Provide fa mily names and initials of all authors. Eight or more authors Author, A. , Author, B. , Author, C. , Author, D. , Author, E. , Author, F. , †¦ Author, M. (year). Details of the work as appropriate to its form. Provide family names and initials of the first six authors followed by three ellipses points and the last author’s family name and initial. Web page Author, A. , (year). Title of page. Retrieved Month, day, year from web address The title of a web page is not italicised. Retrieval date is given if it is believed the information could change over time. Example: Diabetes Australia. (2010). Gestational diabetes. Retrieved July 22, 2010 from http://www. diabetesaustralia. com. au/Understanding-Diabetes/What-is-Diabetes /Gestational-Diabetes-/ A sample reference list in APA style References Antonakos, C. L. , Kazanis, A. S. (2003). Research process in the health sciences: A focus on methods. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 17, 257–264. Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2007). Migration Australia, 2005-06 (Cat. No. 3412. 0). Canberra: Author. Retrieved from http://www. ausstats. abs. gov. au/ausstats/subscriber. nsf /0/E0A79B147EA8E0B5CA2572AC001813E8/$File/34120_2005-06. pdf Clay, G. (2003). Assignment writing skills. Nursing Standard, 17(20), 47–52. Crawford, P. , Brown, B. , Nolan, P. (1998). Communicating care: The language of nursing. Cheltenham: StanleyThornes. Diabetes Australia. 2010). Gestational diabetes. Retrieved July 22, 2010 from http://www. diabetesaustralia. com. au/Understanding-Diabetes/What-is-Diabetes /Gestational-Diabetes-/ Ekwall, A. , Gerdtz, M. Manias, E. (2008). The influence of patient acuity on satisfaction with emergency care:perspectives of family, friends and carers. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17, 800–809. doi:10. 1111/ j. 1365-2702. 2007. 02052. x Embryo study nod, OK say IVF couples. (2004, May 31). Herald Sun, p. 10. Midford, R. (2005). Australia and alcohol: Living down the legend. Addiction, 100, 891-896. Retrieved from http://www. ddictionjournal. org/ Munsterberg, H. (1916). The photoplay: A psychological study. Retrieved from http://www. gutenberg. org/files/15383/15383-8. txt Nader, C. (2009, June 19). Mental health issues soar among children. The Age. Retrieved from http://www. theage. com. au/ Naidoo, B. (2000). Evaluating the use of public health risk factor simulation models. In M. Thorogood Y. Coombes (Eds. ), Evaluating health promotion: Practice and methods (pp. 99–109). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Northern Territory Department of Justice. (2007). Step forward: Getting help about sexual violence. Retrieved from http://www. nt. gov. au/justice/documents/stepforward. pdf Wroe, D. (2004, June 24). Canberra enlists GPs in war on smoking. The Age, p. 3. Further reading Details of all referencing styles used at Deakin can be accessed at www. deakin. edu. au/referencing and in printed form from the Division of Student Life. Burton L. J. (2010). An interactive approach to writing essays and research reports in Psychology (3rd ed. ). Milton, Qld: John Wiley Sons. Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed. ). (2010). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. How to cite Apa System, Essay examples

System Design Mexican Food Outlet

Questions: 1. For the requirements analysis you will need to talk to people. Please detail five groups of people you will talk to about requirements and justify your answer? 2. Explain what methods you might use to discover the requirements for this system. 3. Provide a 750 word summary answering the question; what is scalability and why is it an important factor to consider when making recommendations to the franchise? Answers: Introduction The report has been prepared for a Mexican food outlet that is looking to start business on the Sunshine coast. It would be working under the franchise arrangement and would be expanding to several stores in various locations on the Sunshine coast. The stores would be required to be linked with each other for inventory management and order processing along with the setting up of wireless access points. The report covers the details on the requirements analysis for the business along with some significant details associated with system analysis and design. 1. Group 1 Target Customers: Kids, Adults and Senior Citizens The questions that will be asked and recorded from this group are as listed below. What do you expect from food outlets in terms of order processing and food delivery? What are the sources from which you get to know about a new restaurant in the area? Do you prefer visiting the food outlet or getting it delivered at home? What are the must-have items for you on a Mexican food restaurant menu? How do you like the payments to be processed? The group is the customers that would be using the restaurant the food outlet and it would be necessary to understand the expectations of the customers from the sections such as menu, payment processes, food delivery and order processing. The group will include the people from all the age groups. Group 2 Financial Advisors The questions that will be asked and recorded from this group are as listed below. What is the budget estimate for the project? What are the costs that can be avoided? What are the financial risks associated with the project? What are the necessary formalities and approvals from the financial and funding perspective? The feedback from the group would be essential to design a strong budget for the project along with accurate estimate of costs and analysis of associated risks. Group 3 Hotel and Restaurant Managers The questions that will be asked and recorded from this group are as listed below. What systems do you use for inventory management? What systems do you use for order processing? What tools and equipments do you use? How did you market your hotel/restaurant? How do manage the hotel/restaurant staff? The feedback from the group would be essential to design stronger systems for the overall management of the food outlet. Group 4 Network Administrators The questions that will be asked and recorded from this group are as listed below. How shall the wireless access points be set up? What are the wireless communication systems that shall be followed in the food outlet? The feedback from the group will be essential to set up strong network and access points to integrate several systems and business units together. Group 5 Market Analysts The questions that will be asked and recorded from this group are as listed below. What role would marketing activities play in this project and set up? What forms of marketing shall be used for the marketing and advertising of the food outlet? The feedback from the group will be essential to correctly market the food outlet. 2. After operational needs are assessed and the concept of operations (CONOPS) and high-level concept definition are completed, the next stepand typically the first task on development projectsis to discover, elicit, collect, define, and analyze requirements. Requirements cover various aspects of a capability or systemuser needs, behavioral, quality, implementation, etc. Requirements must be consolidated from many sources, including but not limited to experienced and new users, other stakeholders, SMEs, managers, and, if necessary, the users' customers. Operational users are key contributors because they provide some or all requirements for the system's functional and performance capabilities and user interface (Lutz, 2016). The analysts can discover requirements through the use of Questionnaires that is a special-purpose document that allows the analyst to collect information and opinions from respondents. Another method is Interviews which is a fact-finding technique whereby the systems analysts collect information from individuals through face-to-face interaction. Joint Requirements Planning (JRP) is a process whereby highly structured group meetings are conducted for the purpose of analyzing problems and defining requirements. Discovery Prototyping is the act of building a small-scale, representative or working model of the users requirements in order to discover or verify those requirements. Brainstorming is a technique for generating ideas by encouraging participants to offer as many ideas as possible in a short period of time without any analysis until all the ideas have been exhausted. Sampling is the process of collecting a representative sample of documents, forms, and records (Iusb, 2016). 3. Scalability is the ability to handle increased workload by repeatedly applying a cost effective strategy for extending a systems capacity (Weinstock and Goodenough, 2006). In other words, scalability refers to the ability of a system to give reasonable performance under growing demands (rising traffic or increased data volume). Not only is a scalable system assured to perform well under increasing load, it would also reduce the need of having to redesign the system under such challenges, and this translates to business gains such as the mitigation of possible financial loss or decreased customer confidence. Scalability is one of the most valuable quality attributes of a system. Scaling up or vertical scaling refers to resource maximization of a single unit to expand its ability to handle increasing load. In hardware terms, this includes adding processing power and memory to the physical machine running the server. In software terms, scaling up may include optimizing algorithms and application code. Optimization of hardware resources, such as parallelizing or having optimized number of running processes is also considered techniques of scaling up. Scaling out or horizontal scaling refers to resource increment by the addition of units to the system. This means adding more units of smaller capacity instead of adding a single unit of larger capacity. The requests for resources are then spread across multiple units thus reducing the excess load on a single machine (Khare, 2016). Importance of Scalability for Mexican Food Outlet The Mexican food outlet that is supposed to be opened on Sunshine Coast aims to work under a franchise arrangement for the other future stores. Hence the business will expand, and the resources that are associated with the business need to expand too. As per the requirement of investor, each outlet should be interconnected to ease the ordering and inventory management. The outlets should have wireless access points to ensure internet connectivity be provided to the customers. The project will start with a single outlet on the beach which will act as the base for all the other outlets. Hence the system should be designed in such a way that any amount of expansion doesnt affect the system that has been installed at this point. Hence the scalability becomes a pivotal factor for implementation of the franchise. As the business would develop from a solitary outlet to numerous outlets, the fundamental goal of taking care of the requests of the buyers would be to stay steady, yet the heap in this way would increment. Since the market requests are variable, and the essence of the shopper would change with time and as indicated by the accessibility of assets, the administration supplier ought to dependably be a stage ahead to meet the requests. The scalability of the system would therefore get to be vital as it would give the calculation control required for the extending organizations. The growing business would give more customers and the same would lead to more information that would be required to be dealt with in due time to offer better administrations (DaSilva et al. 2013). Additionally, the web access to buyers will feel the brunt in the case if lesser capacity would be introduced, and more clients turn up in the meantime. Thus repetition of the assets ought to be given the due significa nce. Aside from the web benefits, the request arrangement and stock management will likewise get to be intricate with the expanding measure of outlets, for the management of the same, PCs with interconnection must be given to decrease the multifaceted nature of dealing with the assets. For interconnection switches or centers ought to be introduced that is fit for pleasing every one of the frameworks that are introduced in the system. So it can be comprehended that the scalability ought to be remembered for an extending the framework (Wang et al. 2014). Henceforth it can be seen that establishment has a particular prerequisite, it is made to develop into a framework that is spread over a region. Since the necessity of the framework is constantly obscure and the development is unusual, some repetition is constantly useful, and scalability offers that additional mile to the association that would surely aide in better management of the framework (Jab?onski 2016). Conclusion There are five major groups that will be contacted for discovery and gathering of requirements as the customers, financial advisors, hotel and restaurant managers, network administrators and market analysts. The requirements will be gathered through various processes such as questionnaires, brainstorming, discovery prototyping and many others. Scalability is the ability to handle increased workload by repeatedly applying a cost effective strategy for extending a systems capacity and the same would play a significant role in this case. References DaSilva, C.M., Trkman, P., Desouza, K. and Lindi?, J., 2013. Disruptive technologies: a business model perspective on cloud computing.Technology Analysis Strategic Management,25(10), pp.1161-1173. Iusb, (2016). Requirements Discovery. [online] Available at: https://www.cs.iusb.edu/~hhakimza/C308/chap006.pdf [Accessed 15 Nov. 2016]. Jab?o?ski, A., 2016. Scalability of Sustainable Business Models in Hybrid Organizations.Sustainability,8(3), p.194. Khare, A. (2016). Scalability. [online] Available at: https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~seer/book/2e/Ch06.%20Scalability.pdf [Accessed 15 Nov. 2016]. Lutz, R. (2016). Ongoing Requirements Discovery in High-Integrity Systems. [online] Available at: https://web.cs.iastate.edu/~rlutz/publications/ieee-software04.pdf [Accessed 15 Nov. 2016]. Wang, C., Liu, X., Song, Y. and Han, J., 2014.Scalable and robust construction of topical hierarchies.arXiv preprint arXiv:1403.3460. Weinstock, C. and Goodenough, J. (2006). On System Scalability. [online] Available at: https://www.sei.cmu.edu/reports/06tn012.pdf [Accessed 15 Nov. 2016].

Oliver Twist free essay sample

Oliver Twist was written by English author, Charles Dickens. Charles was one of the best novelists in English literature. This book is about Oliver Twist, an orphan who leaves a workhouse and goes to London. There he meets the Artful Dodger, the head leader of a gang of juvenile pickpockets. Oliver is unaware to their unlawful activities. Oliver Twist, a young child, was the novel’s protagonist and stands out as the main character in this story. Oliver’s real, complete identity was a mystery in the novel. From what I gathered, he is an innocent and poor orphan boy who was born in a workhouse. Throughout the book, Oliver was surrounded by coarseness and cruelty. Even though he was treated badly, he is a charming, innocent child. In many ways, it’s hard to find Oliver’s character believable. He was raised in such corrupt surroundings, but his virtue and purity are absolute. We will write a custom essay sample on Oliver Twist or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even when Oliver was manipulated and abused, he doesn’t become indignant. Oliver does not represent a picture of a boy that is torn between good and evil but instead, he is goodness incarnate. Some characteristics that I appreciate of Oliver’s is that he had the courage and was brave enough to run away to London, even though he was still such a young boy. Another characteristic I appreciated was that even though Oliver grew up in a terrible environment and was abused all the time, he didn’t let that get to him. Oliver was still innocent, charming and pure. He doesn’t even know what evil is and can’t even comprehend it. I think it is good for himself that he is so naive, but on the other hand it’s not good to be ignorant because he needs to know of what is going on around him, as he lives in such an evil environment. Oliver has such amazing moral values, which even the idea of stealing horrors him. His good nature must come from instinct, because he could not have learned how to behave from the workhouse. I believe Charles Dickens was inspired for writing about Oliver Twist because of his own childhood. Dickens wrote about the real world. He didn’t write about higher or middles classes, he wrote about the people and kids that were struggling during his time. He used a lot of the same ideas in the novel that he had to go through as a kid. I think the reason being is so that readers can see what it was like to live in his time. My personal evaluation is that the book, Oliver Twist, was an incredible book. Though it was very sad at some parts, it really made me think of the world we live in today. I can’t explain how much Oliver, as a person, has changed my views in a lot of ways. Despite being treated horribly, he still had such a graceful and pure positive outlook on life that I find to be inspiring. In some ways, it kind of shows that no matter what anyone goes through, they should remain positive and look on the bright side of their situation. His character almost didn’t feel real, because I’ve never seen or met someone with his characteristics.

Japanese Film Auteur Akira Kurosawa

Japanese Film Auteur Akira Kurosawa Free Online Research Papers Japanese film auteur Akira Kurosawa is widely considered one of the most influential directors in cinema history. With such infamous releases as Rashomon, The Seven Samurai, and Yojimbo, Kurosawa has consistently delivered films with a distinct artistic style and unique personal vision. The range of his influence has reached across the globe; his films have inspired such western directors as George Lucas, Sergio Leone, and Francis Ford Coppola. Across his career, Kurosawa’s visionary storytelling techniques, spectacular visual style, and thematic preoccupations have drawn upon a combination of foreign, domestic, and personal influences and have gone on to radically influence the world of cinema. While he draws upon influence from the west and east, many of Kurosawa’s methods of film storytelling have proven to be original, groundbreaking and highly influential. Rashomon, the film that put him and Japanese cinema on the map internationally, revolutionized the possibilities of narrative form in film. While it was classically taken for granted that film truth was visually evident, Rashomon’s unique form obscured that sense of truth by retelling the story of a man’s murder from four contradictory points of view. The characters tell their versions of the story to an unseen judge from a full frontal shot, implying that the viewer himself is the judge of truth. Each story is given equal weight, so as to imply that none are wholly true and none are wholly false. Radically different from anything seen before in cinema, the structure has been modeled in such films as Vantage Point and The Usual Suspects. It even inspired a western remake starring Paul Newman call ed The Outrage. The structure of Kurosawa’s The Seven Samurai was similarly groundbreaking. Not only was it an epic action film of unprecedented depth and scale, but it is thought to be the first film narrative in which a team of heroes is assembled to accomplish a specific task. This structure is seen later in films such as The Guns of Navarrone, The Dirty Dozen, Seven Samurai’s western remake The Magnificent Seven, Ocean’s Eleven, and numerous others (Ebert). This is also a common structure of role playing video games (Final Fantasy, etc.). We see the continued influence of the film in Sam Peckinpah’s use of slow motion violence and death scenes in such action films as The Wild Bunch which went on to inspire numerous other western directors. The comic action film Yojimbo is also highly influential to western filmmakers: Toshiro Mifune’s character Sanjuro served as the basis for Clint Eastwood’s man with no name character, and the spaghett i western classic A Fistful of Dollars is a remake of Yojimbo. The story was again retold in Last Man Standing, starring Bruce Willis (Loftus). We see the influence of Yojimbo felt in Starwars when Obi-Wan hacks off a convict’s arm in a bar fight, much like Minfune’s Sanjuro does in the opening of the Yojimbo (Vera). The Hidden Fortress is yet another Kurosawa film that has such an original and exciting plot that it has been readapted, in this case as George Lucas’s epic sci-fi western Star Wars (Ebert). However, the power of the influence between Kurosawa and the west is reciprocal: Kurosawa owes the inspiration for Yojimbo to the western novel Red Harvest. Western influences upon his storytelling are most notable in his two Shakespeare adaptations: King Lear as Ran and Macbeth as Throne of Blood. Also, Kurosawa’s film Heaven and Hell is based upon the American crime novel King’s Ransom. Kurosawa draws inspiration from Russian novelists as well, with The Idiot, The Lower Depths, Ikiru, Dersu Uzala, and Red Beard all being based upon Russian novels. While considered to be the most â€Å"western† of Japanese filmmakers, he also draws upon domestic influences such as the Noh and Kabuki theatres, for which his older brother was a Benshi. A large portion of his films fall into the genre of Jidaigeki, or Japanese period-piece films. While simultaneously drawing upon domestic and foreign influences, Kurosawa has been able to innovate and in turn influence the world of cinema in a profound way. His visual style similarly draws upon classic influences in addition to the new technologies of color film and special effects. Many aesthetic elements of Kurosawa’s work have drawn upon older influences in addition to new innovations. Rashomon’s cinematic style owes much to the unchained camera concept of silent-era films. Kurosawa relates: â€Å"Since the advent of the talkies in the 1930s, I felt, we had misplaced and forgotten what was so wonderful about the old silent movies. I was aware of the aesthetic loss as a constant irritation. I sensed a need to go back to the origins of the motion picture to find this peculiar beauty again; I had to go back into the past† (Kurosawa). Another influence is Kurosawa’s early training as a painter, which seems to have provided him with an instinct for beautiful composition. In The Seven Samurai, his use of deep focus achieved through the use of the telephoto lens puts each detail of the frame in sharp focus and also renders the dimensionality of the frame flat like a canvas. This adds a pictorial quality to the picture, which, combined with an exceptional set design, serves to paint vividly the world of the narrative. In Ran, we see similar qualities in his use of color: the vivid colors of the costume and banner designs are diverse, distinct, and neatly organized. This not only adds stunning visual beauty to the films design, but enhances the storytelling. In the beginning of the film, the neatly organized patterns of color represent the stability of Hidetora’s kingdom. In the later battle scenes of the film the sharply contrasting blue on Saburo’s army and the red of Jiro’s convey clearly drawn battle lines. The colors take on symbolic effect as well, with the blue of Saburo representing his benevolent intentions to reunite with his father and Jiro’s fierce red representing the bloodshed he has committed by killing his brother Taro and tends to carry out further by the defeat of his younger brother. Dreams has an equally po werful visual design, but in this case it was achieved using the state of the art techniques of LucasArt’s Industrial Light and Magic team. Visual design is the primary tool of storytelling in Dreams, as the dialogue is sparse and the plots simplistic. The dazzling spectacle of color seen in â€Å"The Peach Orchard† and â€Å"Sunshine through the Rain† convey an impression of fantastic exuberance, evoking feelings of childlike delight in the viewer. The dark monochromaticism of â€Å"The Tunnel† and â€Å"The Weeping Demon† invoke morbid impressions of dread, fear, and terror. The use of color along with the powerful imagery of neatly dressed life-size porcelain dolls, dead soldiers whose faces have been painted a deathly blue-black, and weeping, savage, yet regretful demons marks the culmination of an aesthetic tendency for Kurosawa to achieve a visual poem of sorts rather than the mere telling of a narrative. We see this tendency in Rashomon in the preference for artistically appealing shots of symbolic plays of light, shadow, and woods over excessive dialogue. His beautiful landscape shots also achieve the effect of re-creating a tangible experience for the viewer, as they deeply impress upon the audience the sweeping grandeur and massive scale of the Japanese landscapes. Kurosawa’s use of landscape may be partially attributed to his early training as a painter, as the Japanese landscape painting is a cherished tradition that seeks to capture the very spiritual essence of the land. We can also attribute his preoccupation with landscape to the influence he felt from such American western filmmakers as John Ford (Crogan). In westerns, the landscape is so prominently featured as a vital aspect of the narrative that is becomes a character itself. We see a similar depiction of the landscape in Ran, such as when the wind-swept fields in which the mad Hidetora mindlessly picks flowers are suffused with a storm of violent wind, symbolic of the fate that has thrown Hidetora’s world into chaos. In the beginning of the film, the immense barrenness of the hills menacingly dwarfs the small group of riders traveling across the plains, and conveys the lonely place of man alone, without morals, and disconnected from God. Many of Kurosawa’s recurring thematic preoccupations stem from a combination of his personal life and broader social contexts. The recurring samurai themes of his films are a result of his samurai ancestry and the samurai warrior identity as a significant part of the Japanese tradition. The themes of chaos, regret, and hopelessness seen in Ran and Dreams must come from the personal dejection he faced when, after Dodes Kaden failed at the box office, he attempted suicide. In â€Å"The Tunnel† we see a platoon of dead soldiers attempting to come back to life, and haunting the commander who sent them to die in the process. This sequence constitutes a vivid visual impression of hopelessness and regret. These themes are closely related to themes concerning the senselessness and devastation of war and the dread of the nuclear menace. These feelings could be attributed to the general mood of post-war Japan, and are reflected also in Ran and Dreams. In Ran, we witness a powerf ul final image of a blind young man dropping a scroll with the image of the Buddha on it off a battlement onto the rocks below, symbolic of the hopelessness for salvation, the abandonment of morality, the impossibility of peace, and the chaotic nature of war. In â€Å"Mount Fuji in Red†, the terror of a mountain exploding with nuclear waste and the horrors of radioactive clouds colored in toxic yellows and reds depict ultimate devastation, and the hopelessness for survival drives the people of Japan to the bottom of the ocean to die. In â€Å"The Weeping Demon†, men have been transformed into demons damned to eternal suffering for their destruction of the earth with nuclear weapons. The monstrous, overgrown flowers, the horrible demons screaming out in pain as they cannibalize each other, and the starkness of the barren brown landscape paint quite a bleak picture for the destiny of mankind. We are relieved, however, to see a more hopeful portrait of man in â€Å"Villa ge of the Watermills†, in which it is implied that the salvation of man lies in his reconnection with nature. The idea Kurosawa depicts in Rashomon has gone on to be quite influential itself: as a testament to the power of the film’s thematic insights, the concept of the subjectivity of perception has gone on to be christened â€Å"The Rashomon Effect†. In the course of his highly accomplished career as a film auteur, Akira Kurosawa has revolutionized the conventions of cinema while drawing upon a variety of influences, eastern, western, personal, and social, to portray powerful dramas that are at once widely accessible and deeply personal. His unique approach to narrative form, his dazzling visual style, and deep thematic relevance mark the fulfillment of his personal vision to make universally relevant films and stay true to the humanist nature of the drama: â€Å"Human beings share the same common problems,† he says. â€Å"A film can only be understood if it depicts these properly.† Loftus, David. Review summary and commentary about Yojimbo. Retrieved December 4, 2008 from www.allwatchers.com Vera, Noel. (November 16, 2007). Yojimbo. Retrieved December 4, 2008 from http://criticafterdark.blogspot.com/2007/11/yojimbo-akira-kurosawa-1961-ikiru-akira.html Kurosawa, Akira. Something Like an Autobiography. Retrieved December 4, 2008 from criterionco.com/asp/release.asp?id=138eid=213section=essay Ebert, Roger. August 9, 2001. The Seven Samurai. Retrieved 10/14/2008. Crogan, Patrick. (2000). Translating Kurosawa. Retrieved December 4,2008 from http://archive.sensesofcinema.com/contents/cteq/00/9/kurosawa.html Research Papers on Japanese Film Auteur Akira KurosawaWhere Wild and West MeetTrailblazing by Eric AndersonBringing Democracy to AfricaThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andMind TravelCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayHip-Hop is Art

Mixed Metaphor Definition and Examples

Mixed Metaphor Definition and Examples A mixed metaphor is a succession of incongruous or ludicrous comparisons. Also known- playfully- as a mixaphor. Although many style guides condemn the use of mixed metaphors, in practice most of the objectionable combinations (as in the examples below) are actually clichà ©s or dead metaphors. Examples An Apprentice contestant with a love of bizarre business lingo has left Twitter users in fits of laughter after describing a failed task as leaving a sour taste in the clients eye. Contestant Gary Poulton, from Birmingham, also said his team were dancing around the bush in last nights episode, which saw his stint as project manager for Versatile end in failure.(Phoebe Jackson-Edwards, Im Not Going to Dance Around the Bush: Apprentice Stars Bizarre Business Jargon Is Mocked on Twitter. Daily Mail   [UK], November 26, 2015)Well have a lot of new blood holding gavels in Washington.(Georgia Congressman Jack Kingston, quoted in the  Savannah Morning News, November 3, 2010)Thats awfully thin gruel for the right wing to hang their hats on.(MSNBC, September 3, 2009)Her saucer-eyes narrow to a gimlet stare and she lets Mr. Clarke have it with both barrels.(Anne McElvoy, London Evening Standard, September 9, 2009)I don’t think we should wait until the other shoe drops. History has a lready shown what is likely to happen. The ball has been down this court before and I can see already the light at the end of the tunnel.(Detroit News, quoted in The New Yorker, November 26, 2012) [Chairman of the Federal Reserve Ben] Bernanke set the standard for muddled metaphors when he parried reporters questions that day. Certain economic data, he said, are guideposts that tell you how were going to be shifting the mix of our tools as we try to land this ship on ain a smooth way onto the aircraft carrier.(Nick Summers, Lost in Translation. Bloomberg Businessweek, July 8-14, 2013)â€Å"I conclude that the city’s proposal to skim the frosting, pocket the cake, and avoid paying the fair, reasonable, and affordable value of the meal is a hound that will not hunt.(a labor arbitrator, quoted by the Boston Globe, May 8, 2010)Obviously, its been a very difficult two days for us, Nelson said. We kind of saw the writing on the wall Friday night. Its just apples versus oranges, and its not a level playing field by any means.(Seabury’s Football Team Done for the Season. Lawrence Journal-World, September 22, 2009)The year began with quarterback Tom Brady tarred, then un chained from a suspension on the heels of cheating allegations in the scandal known as Deflategate.(Associated Press, Deflating Ending Sends Patriots Into Offseason. Savannah Morning News, January 26, 2016) Nigel said (using, to my mind, an excessive amount of metaphor), Youve taken a rare orchid and shut her away in a dark outhouse. You havent nourished her or paid her enough attention. Is it any wonder that her roots are struggling to survive? Daisy is a trapped bird whose wings have been broken, she is a  Fabergà © egg that you have boiled for four minutes and eaten for your breakfast.I stopped him just as he was embarking on a new metaphor to do with Daisy being a submerged volcano.(Sue Townsend,  Adrian Mole: The Prostrate Years. Penguin, 2010)The committee was tired of stoking public outrage with fortnightly gobbets of scandal. It decided to publish everything it had left, warts and all. Now everyone is tarred with the same ugly brush, and the myth that forever simmers in the public consciousnessthat the House shelters 435 parasitic, fat-cat deadbeatshas received another shot of adrenalin.(Washington Post, 1992)I knew enough to realize that the alligators were in the swamp an d that it was time to circle the wagons.(attributed to Rush Limbaugh) A lot of success early in life can be a real liability- if you buy into it. Brass rings keep getting suspended higher and higher as you grow older. And when you grab them, they have a way of turning into dust in your hands. Psychologists...have all kinds of words for this, but the women I know seem to experience it as living life with a gun pointed to their heads. Every day brings a new minefield of incipient failure: the too-tight pants, the peeling wallpaper, the unbrilliant career.(Judith Warner, The New York Times, April 6, 2007)There is no man so low that he has in him no spark of manhood, which, if watered by the milk of human kindness, will not burst into flames.(quoted by Willard R. Espy in The Game of Words. Grosset Dunlap, 1972)Sir, I smell a rat; I see him forming in the air and darkening the sky; but Ill nip him in the bud.(attributed to Sir Boyle Roche, 1736-1807) Observations I am tempted to believe that the indiscriminate condemnation of mixed metaphors arises more often from pedantry than from common sense.(Edward Everett Hale, Jr. Constructive Rhetoric, 1896)[T]o the fertile mind that thinks up a series of comparisons one gives admirationand defense against those who misunderstand the ban on mixed metaphors.(Wilson Follett and Erik Wensberg, Modern American Usage, rev. ed. Macmillan, 1998)What is called mixed metaphor...is the coming into consciousness of a mixing that goes on all the time, a consciousness that offends our sensibilities because it calls attention to the device and perhaps might reveal the inexplicable bases of our worldview.(Dale Pesman, Some Expectations of Coherence in Culture Implied by the Prohibition of Mixed Metaphor. Beyond Metaphor: The Theory of Tropes in Anthropology. Stanford University Press, 1991)Mixed metaphors may be stylistically objectionable, but I cannot see that they are necessarily logically incoherent. Of course, most metaphors do occur in contexts of expressions used literally. It would be very hard to understand them if they did not. But it is not a logical necessity that every metaphorical use of an expression occurs surrounded by literal occurrences of other expressions and, indeed, many famous examples of metaphor are not.(Mark Johnson, Philosophical Perspectives on Metaphor. University of Minnesota Press, 1981) The Lighter Side of Mixed Metaphors Grace Adler:  You cant control your competitive nature any more than I can.Will Truman:  That is...Grace Adler:  Yes, you just like to play the cool Will Truman while Im all the intense crazy one. Well, once the bowling shoe is on the other foot, look whos the good cop and look whos the bad cop.Will Truman:  That is the worst  mixed metaphor  you have ever uttered.(Debra Messing and Eric McCormack, Alley Cats.  Will and Grace, 1999)

Strategic Business Plan for the Indonesian Music Shop Assignment

Strategic Business Plan for the Indonesian Music Shop - Assignment Example The Indonesian recording industry has been so affected by the activities of piracy that the companies involved into the business of music and entertainment needed to take a major step in order to protect their business revenue and the business operations in Indonesia. Due to excessive piracy of music, the Indonesian Recording Company Association decided to change their mode of storing the recording materials from CDs and other types of storage devices to the digital storage of the recording materials into digital files. Piracy resulted into fall in the sale of CDs, VCDs, and other recording materials. The concern for the loss of music industry due to piracy remained obvious because of the fact that the music industry of Indonesia contributed about 18% to the total revenue generated by the Indonesian government (Anonymous, 2009). The company named Indonesian Music Shop is an online music providing company which has a vast collection of music including the classical and artistic albums of Indonesian origin. The company also has a collection of tracks of commercial numbers which are more liked by the youth of Indonesia. The company gives more importance to the cultural and traditional music of the nation which is very much evident from their website where apart from the music categories proper literature have also been provided by the company. Since the company does not have any shop floor it operates its business through internet and web communication mediums. Regarding the products and services offered by the company on its website, it provides a portal to its customers for placing their orders and specifications after getting registered with the website. The website also provides additional information on health issues, and food and spices, and offers spaces for advertisement to other companies (The Indonesi an Music Shop-website, n.d.).

Orporate finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Orporate finance - Essay Example They also relaxed the stationarity assumptions of the random walk model. Fama (1970) continued the formalisation of the notion of "efficiency" in economic terms. He defined an efficient market as one "in which prices always 'fully reflect' available information". He also stated the conditions that would suffice for efficiency: "(i) there are no transactions costs in trading securities, (ii) all available information is costlessly available to all market participants, and (iii) all agree on the implications of current information for the current price and distributions of future prices of each security." Though adopting a statistical viewpoint, Fama (1970) differentiated information as "weak", "semi-strong" and "strong" forms. Later on, Rubinstein (1975), Beja (1976), Beaver (1981), and Latham (1986) adopted the framework of information economics where the definition is expressed in terms of the actions of individuals, as opposed to the actions of the market as defined by Fama (1970). Specifically, according to Beaver (1981): "A securities market is efficient with respect to a signal yt if and only if the configuration of security prices {Pjt} is the same as it would be in an otherwise identical economy (i.e. with an identical configuration of preferences and endowments) except that every individual receives yt as well as [that individual's own information]." Ray Ball (1994, p. 12-13) has a few criticisms of this school of thought. First, he argues that security prices in the "otherwise identical world" are ultimately priced using CAPM, which is implied by Fama's (1976) model. Secondly, he critiques that this model has confused properties of market with properties of information. Grossman (1976), Grossman and Stiglitz (1980) and Jordan (1983) associated "efficiency" with incentives to produce information. ACCOMPLISHMENTS First, the theory of stock market efficiency has developed prevalent respect for markets. Empirical evidence pointed to the efficiency of the stock markets, changing academic and even non-academic attitudes from suspicion to respect. Furthermore, the pioneer work on "efficiency" coincided with the surge in interest in and respect for markets in general among economists, and subsequently among politicians. The pioneer empirical work thus assumed importance and attracted interest beyond its direct impacts on stock markets. It led the global trend toward liberalising financial and other markets. The theory of stock market efficiency has also changed perceptions about how stock markets work. Before FFJR (1969)'s work, market reaction to information is viewed from a single point in chronological time to broad

The Most Dangerous Game Essay Example for Free

The Most Dangerous Game Essay What if it the issue about the important idea in the story? The most important idea is about the character Rainsford versus nature, Rainsford versus himself, and Rainsford versus Zaroff. In the story â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† by Richard Connell the main character, Rainsford, experiences both have internal and external conflict. Rainsford experiences have the external conflict. For example, when he fell in the ocean and had a tough battle with the water â€Å"He struggle up to the surface and tried to cry out †¦ him gag and strangle†. Rainsford barely have enough energy to swim to the Ship-Trap Island. He were had struggle with the water and trying to fight back for his life. In addition, when he on the ship with his friend and talk about the weather† ‘Nor four yards’, he admitted Rainsford. ‘Ugh! It’s like moist black velvets’ †. The weather is really bad, and it so dark even he has good eyes but he can’t see anything if it kind of far. The weather is an effect to how Rainsford fell in the ocean. Rainsford external conflict show that how he versus the nature and himself. Rainsford’s internal conflict created many mental challenges for him. For example, when he fell out of the ship, in the ocean he had to stop panicking or he would drown â€Å"A certain cool headedness had come to him it was not the first time he had been in a tight place†. He had been danger place many times so he had more experience and know what to do. He is a very brave person, if it was someone else may be the will be really scared and don’t know what to do. In addition, when in the jungle he keeps telling himself that he will not lose his nerve â€Å"I will not lose my nerve. I will not†. He had to control himself to go through all the game. If he being scared and don’t know do anything he may lose the game. In Rainsford internal conflict it show he is a brave person, how can he control his thinking to be life. Connell has written a story about hunted people, a serious game in the world. There is a lot of people get lost, have to play the game, and got killed by a man. Nobody knows who they are. But one day, a man comes to the island. He also has to play the it. â€Å"The Game†. And he win.

Anne Frank :: essays research papers

Anne Frank was a German-Jewish diarist. She was known for the diary she wrote while hiding from anti-Jewish persecution in Amsterdam during World War II. Her diary describes with wisdom and humor the two difficult years she spent in seclusion before her tragic death at the age of 15. Since it was first published in 1947, her diary has appeared in more than 50 languages. Perhaps more than any other figure, Anne Frank gave a human face to the victims of the Holocaust. Annelies Marie Frank was born on June 12, 1929, in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Because of their Jewish faith, Anne Frank and her family fled Nazi Germany for the Netherlands in 1933 to avoid persecution. After Germany invaded the Netherlands in 1942, the family spent two years living in a small hidden room in Amsterdam in order to elude capture by Nazi occupation forces. They were discovered in 1944 and arrested. Anne was sent to a concentration camp, where she died the following year. Her famous diary of the two years she spent in hiding was later found in the room where she and her family had lived. Anne’s father, Otto, had taken the family to Amsterdam, where he had established a small food products business. When Germany invaded The Netherlands in 1940, the Franks once again became subject to escalating anti-Semitic persecution. In 1941 Anne was required to transfer from a public school to a Jewish school. Secretly, Otto Frank prepared a hiding place by sealing off several rooms at the rear of his Amsterdam office building. A swinging bookcase hid the rooms Frank concealed. In June 1942 Anne received a diary for her 13th birthday. She began to write down her thoughts and experiences in the form of letters to an imaginary friend. One month later the Franks went into hiding in the office building. For the next two years the Frank family shared cramped quarters with four other Jewish people. In the ending the people she lived with were the ones that published her diary. Over the time of 25 months, Anne recorded her experiences while hiding from German troops. Her diary describes the fears and emotional conflicts of people crowded together in secrecy. The diary also had its good times apart from its bad such as funny and memorable moments. These include birthday celebrations and Anne’s first experience with falling in love.

Paper on Hades

In Greek mythology, Hades was an Olympian God, regarded as the ‘God of the Dead' or the ‘Lord of the Underworld'. He was born to Cronus, the leader of the Titans, who ruled during the legendary Golden Age, and his wife Rhea, on the island of Crete. He had two brothers, Zeus and Poseidon, and three sisters Demeter, Hestia and Hera. In art works, Hades is depicted as a dark man with a huge beard. It is believed that Cronus devoured five of his own children, when Gaia and Ouranos made the prophecy that Cronus would be overcome by one of his sons just like he did to his father.The youngest son Zeus escaped this wrath with his mother's help, and went on to become a powerful warrior forcing Cronus to disgorge his siblings. Then Zeus teamed up with his brothers, Poseidon and Hades, raged a war against the Titans, and defeated them. The three brothers chose their realms after this win. Zeus got the sky, Poseidon got the sea and Hades got the underworld. He had a chariot which was pulled by four black horses. The Narcissus and the Cypress plants were sacred to him.Hades had a pet called Cerberus, a multi-headed dog who guarded the gates of the underworld. Its task was to make sure that no one escaped the realms of Hades. Persephone, the queen on Hades, was the goddess of fertility. She was carried away by Hades, to his realm. He enticed her into plucking a pomegranate, after tasting which, she was bound to the underworld. But, at the end, it was decided that Persephone would spend a part of the year with Hades in the underworld and the rest in her world, with her mother.Subjects of Hades were forbidden from leaving his realm as it would enrage him to know about his subjects going against his wishes. However, it proved to be an exception when Eurydice, wife of Orpheus, was almost allowed to return back from the underworld. She was killed due to a snake bite. When Orpheus went to the underworld to bring her back, Hades was so touched by his music that he agree d to send Eurydice back, but warned Orpheus to return back to his world without turning back on the way to check whether Eurydice is following him.But Orpheus thought that Hades tricked him and turned back, and he lost his chance to get his wife back. Being the Lord of the underworld, Hades was indeed feared by one and all, but he was worshipped. People believed that they got precious minerals from the underworld which was the realm of Hades. Black animals were sacrificed to Hades, unlike the traditional ritual of white animal sacrifice to gods. He was also termed as ‘the rich one', as all the riches of Earth were in his possession

Food Security Bill Essay

The bill was truncated from the NAC version at the first stage when the government finalized it and then the parliamentary standing committee went along similar lines and recommended further paring down of the benefits. Sources said concerns were raised by the Congress leadership about reducing existing benefits under the Antodaya Anna Yojana to the 2. 5 crore poorest families as well as the recommendation of the standing committee to remove the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) from the mandate of the bill, which was advised by the women and child development ministry. Sources said the party leadership was unhappy with the move to reduce existing entitlements under UPA’s flagship scheme instead of providing larger benefits. The government is likely to revise the bill keeping these views in mind and look at a much higher coverage in at least the 250 poorest districts of the country. The standing committee had recommended providing 5 kg of rations per person to 75% of rural population and 50% of urban India – a formula the government was happy with till the party leadership intervened. The standing committee had recommended doing away with two categories of beneficiaries with differential benefits – a move the government had contemplated anyway after having sent the bill to Parliament. But curtailing the total number of beneficiaries and reducing the benefits to the poorest has not found acceptance with the party leadership, sources said. The government could now consider restoring the monthly allocation to the poorest back to 35 kg of rations per family. Under an apex court order, the poorest and most disadvantaged are provided 35 kg rations at present. With the party keen to see the bill in Parliament during the budget session, a revised version could see the ICDS scheme coming back under the purview of the bill as a legally guaranteed right along with other food delivery mechanisms such as community kitchens. The UPA has already been caught on the back foot with opposition-ruled states providing cheaper rations to greater numbers under their own schemes following the lead of Chhattisgarh. The delay in pushing the bill through, coupled with the constant and often publicly expressed differences between different arms of the government and the UPA on the shape of the legislation have taken the sheen off UPA-2’s big ticket scheme Food Security Bill is affordable The subsidies meant for the poor are always under attack, while the rest are able to retain their privileges. The additional allocation in grain and money terms will neither distort the grain market nor place a burden on the fisc. Many recent commentators have portrayed the National Food Security Bill (NFSB) as an â€Å"unbearable burden† on the exchequer. The facts, however, do no substantiate the claim. The NFSB has been trashed from time to time in the English dailies. For instance, Business Line (March 21, 2013) published an article titled â€Å"Food Security Bill will torpedo Budget†. Another national daily claims that the Bill has a â€Å"fundamental flaw† that places â€Å"an unbearable burden† and â€Å"distorts agriculture† (Indian Express, March 19, 2013). Quite often, the claims are partly due to a misconception that the government is making new financial and grain commitments under the NFSB. In fact, the NFSB does little more than turning into legal entitlements pre-existing food security schemes such as the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme, Mid-Day Meal (MDM) Scheme, Public Distribution System (PDS) and maternity entitlements. Some commentators have said that it is precisely the legal commitment that will lead to problems in the future — for example, the fear of the emergence of a government monopoly in the grain market. This fear is not borne out by the facts. Under the PDS, ICDS and MDM, the government currently allocates about 58 million tonnes of grain. To meet this commitment, the government currently procures about 30 per cent of grain. The NFSB commits 62 million tonnes, i. e. , an additional 4 million tonnes. The Budget of 2013-14 allocates Rs. 31,000 crore for two children’s food schemes — school meals and the ICDS which reaches children under six. The Budget allocation for the food subsidy in 2013-14 is Rs 90,000 crore. According to our estimates, the food subsidy will increase from Rs 80,000 crore (in 2012-13) to Rs 1,11,221 crore, under the NFSB. Thus, the NFSB implies an increase of just over Rs 30,000 crores in financial terms and 4 million tonnes in real (grain) terms. Can India afford this? Speaking at a panel discussion at IIT Delhi in February, Deputy Chairperson of the Planning Commission, Montek Singh Ahluwalia, said â€Å"it would be dishonest† to say that we cannot afford the Food Bill, and that the subsidies that we need to target are those enjoyed by the middle classes (e. g. , fuel). Speaking at the same discussion, Amartya Sen made a pertinent point — that the reason why it is more difficult to reduce subsidies enjoyed by the middle classes (fuels such as LPG, petrol and diesel) is that the beneficiaries of those are more vocal than the rural poor or children under six who benefit from the food subsidies. This point is well illustrated by the events following last year’s Budget. The Budget 2012-13 announced a 1 per cent excise duty on unbranded jewellery and doubled custom duty on gold to 4 per cent. Gold is the country’s second biggest import, after crude oil. This burden on the current account deficit was an important reason for doubling the customs duty. Following this, the All India Gems and Jewellery Trade Federation and others initiated a strike which went on for 21 days. They argued that the industry, including the â€Å"large† number of people it employs, and buyers of gold, would suffer. A massive media campaign was launched, following which the Finance Minister withdrew the excise duty. According to the revenue foregone statement presented along with the Budget 2013-14, the revenue foregone from the gold and diamond industry for the previous financial year was Rs. 5,000 crore. Such tax breaks are often justified on the grounds of the employment potential of the gems and jewellery industry. According to Invest India, a website of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, â€Å"The sector provides employment to around 1. 8 million people. In the next five years, the sector is expected to create additional employment for around 1. 1 million people. † According to the National Sample Survey Organisation, 2009-10, the size of the Indian workforce is between 430-471 million persons. If the gems and jewellery industry employs 3 million people as per the Ministry’s target, this would be 0. per cent of the workforce. An industry that employs less than one per cent of the Indian workforce is currently enjoying tax benefits amounting to Rs 65,000 crore (nearly 20 per cent of all revenue foregone). The Food Bill will benefit 67 per cent of the population at an additional cost of Rs 30,000 crore, yet it is said that it will â€Å"torpedo† the Budget. If anything, the NFSB does not go far enough. The NFSB tabled in Parliament in December 2011 included special provisions for the destitute and other vulnerable groups (e. g. , community kitchens and social security pensions). These have been discarded in the version cleared by Cabinet on March 19, 2013. In many rural areas, the Block is already too far to go to complain, yet for violations of rights under the NFSB, grievance redressal only begins at the District level. Viewed in this comparative perspective (for example, it is approximately 1 per cent of the GDP), few can question the affordability or desirability of the NFSB. In absolute terms it is not a small amount. One might argue whether such expenditure is worth it, given the â€Å"fact† that the programmes in its ambit, for example, the PDS, are â€Å"dysfunctional† (Indian Express, March 19, 2013). However, recent data from the National Sample Survey of 2004-05 and 2009-10 suggest that while the functioning of the PDS is far from perfect, we do need to update our â€Å"facts†. In joint research with Jean Dreze, we show that the implicit subsidy from the PDS eliminates 18 per cent (14 per cent) of the â€Å"poverty gap† — or the difference between the poverty line level of income and the median income (or monthly per capita consumption expenditure) of poor households — among poor rural (urban) households. Again, there are marked inter-State contrasts — in Tamil Nadu the corresponding figure is 60 per cent and in Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh it is nearly 40 per cent. The real question then is not whether India can afford to have a right to food but as the Food Minister said in a recent interview, â€Å"Can we afford not to? † Food as a right In its latest form, the National Food Security Bill, 2013 promises to address the extreme irony of an ambitious nation holding mountains of food in storage, while masses of its people are undernourished or even starving. The right to food is finally on the threshold of being legislated. Every step taken to widen the coverage of food security schemes is an advance. Yet, the empirical truth is that incremental measures at targeting the needy are a poor substitute for a cohesive, rights-based universal system of food entitlements. There are, no doubt, many positives to the new legislation, such as coverage of up to 75 per cent of eligible priority households in rural areas, the importance given to women as the head of the household for issue of ration cards, inclusion of pregnant and lactating women for free meals (some in government wanted to take away this entitlement from women ho bear more than two children but the idea was sensibly dropped), and setting up of State Food Commissions to investigate violations of entitlements. Under the proposed law, it will be up to the States to frame criteria and choose the priority households for food entitlements, an exercise that will inevitably be accompanied by the well-documented troubles associated with targeting any welfare scheme. Exclusion of any deserving household is unfair and divisive. It poses a challenge to States that wish to provide universal access, an issue that is bound to be felt acutely in urban areas attracting tens of thousands of migrant labourers. The Centre is unwilling to countenance a Universal Public Distribution System on the ground that too much money is involved. Even under the latest Bill, it is argued, the exchequer would have to bear a heavy expenditure of Rs. 1. 24 lakh crore. Yet, the government has not hesitated to build up expensive food stocks over the years, some of which is left to rot, mainly to pay the high support prices demanded by influential sections of the farm lobby. Moreover, the policy orientation is disproportionately favourable towards some sectors such as infrastructure, compared to food and health care. Evidently, the Food Bill can and should do a lot more, to become near-universal and win over sceptics such as Tamil Nadu, which has opposed it on the ground that it is inferior to the universal PDS in the State. Also noteworthy is the fact that the Chhattisgarh Food Security Act has done better than the Centre’s proposed law in some respects — by supplying subsidised pulses and covering 90 per cent of households, for example.

Italian Phrases for Your Day Out at the Beach

Italian Phrases for Your Day Out at the Beach The sun is shining, and you’ve just arrived at your seaside resort hotel in Taormina. Before you even reach your room, you’re already thinking about what the ocean breeze is going to feel like once you roll out your towel and lay underneath the big umbrellas lining the shore. Even if you’re just going to relax on your travels, you’re going to need to use some Italian, so here is a list of basic vocabulary plus a sample dialogue to help you navigate the beaches in Italy. Vocabulary Beach - La spiaggiaOcean - Il mare Even though you’re  going to the beach, you’ll hear Italians refer to it as â€Å"il mare - the ocean. Also,  prepositions will vary. You’ll say â€Å"Vado IN spiaggia - I’m going to the beach and â€Å"Vado AL mare - I’m going to the sea.​ Sand - La sabbiaShore - La rivaBoardwalk - Il lungomareBig umbrella - L’ombrelloneBeach club - Un locale sulla spiaggiaBeach chair - La sdraioLifeguard - Il bagninoBoat - La barcaSpeedboat - Il motoscafoPaddle Boat - Il pedalà ²At the store  -  Al mercato What youll do there Take a dip - Fare un bagnoTo swim - NuotareSuntan - AbbronzarsiRelax - RilassarsiSqueeze in a nap - Schiacciare un pisolinoBuild a sandcastle - Costruire un castello di sabbiaWatch the sunset - Vedere il tramontoSpend time with friends - Passare il tempo con amici Youll want to bring Sunglasses - Gli occhiali da soleSunscreen - La crema/protezione solareSwimsuit - Il costume da bagnoFlip-flops - Le infraditoTowel - Il telo mareBathing suit cover up - Il pareo/il copricostumeA good book - Un bel libro Sample Dialogue L’uomo: Il tempo à ¨ bellissimo, andiamo al mare? - The weather is really nice, let’s go the sea? La donna: Volentieri! Quando partiamo? Voglio mangiare sulla spiaggia, quindi devo fare la spesa. - Definitely! When are we leaving? - I want to eat  on the beach, so I have to do some shopping. L’uomo: Partiamo alle 10, allora tra due ore, e va bene, ti porto al mercato. - We’ll leave at 10, so in two hours and all right, I’ll bring you to the store. La donna: Allora, compro del pane, un po’ di prosciutto cotto, e poi della frutta. Che altro? - So, I’ll buy some bread, a bit of cooked prosciutto, and  then some fruit. L’uomo: Del formaggio, magari pecorino? - Some cheese, maybe pecorino? La donna: Perfetto, e non possiamo dimenticare la pasta fredda che ti piace cosà ¬ tanto, quella con i pomodorini! - Perfect, and we can’t forget the cold pasta that you like so much, the one with the little tomatoes. {a casa - at home} La donna: Non riesco a trovare il mio costume da bagno. L’hai mica visto? - I can’t find my bathing suit. Have you seen it by chance? L’uomo: Mhhh, no, perà ² qua ho le tue infradito, la protezione solare, i teli mare, il tuo copricostume, le mie pinne e la maschera! - Hmmm, no, but here I have your flip-flops, the sunscreen, the beach towels, your cover-up, my flippers,  and the diver’s mask! La donna: Non fa niente, l’ho trovato. Andiamo! - It’s okay, I found it. Let’s go! {in spiaggia - at the beach} La donna: Vorremmo due sdraio in riva al mare, per favore. - We would like two beach chairs near the shore, please. Il bagnino: Va bene, seguitemi Signori. - Okay, follow me, sir and maam. Note: The bagnino uses formal speech with the couple while the couple uses informal speech with each other.   L’uomo: Oh, Grazie! - Oh, thank you! Il bagnino: Se avete bisogno di qualsiasi cosa io sono là ¬ alla torretta. Godetevi la giornata ed attenti alle onde! - If you need anything, you’ll find me on my turret over there. Enjoy your day, and beware the waves! L’uomo: Aaah, si sta benissimo sotto l’ombrellone! Vieni anche tu! - Aaah, it’s wonderful here under the big umbrella! Come! La donna:   No, non ci penso nemmeno, io voglio abbronzarmi! - No, forget it, I want to suntan!

Charles Mingus

Charles Minus Charles Minus is a very important and influential name in Jazz; however he is left out by many historians when talking about the history of Jazz. The main reason he is left out by so many historians, Mark Griddle in particular, is because of his attitude and ego. He Is clearly not the most pleasant person, and he surely does not display how a real Jazz musician should act, at least according to most historians.The way he acts during performances can be quite startling at first, If you are not familiar with is ways and methods of playing. For example, he was known for using profanity during performances, either geared at the audience if they were being too loud or the sound operators if the sound wasnt up to Minings expectations. That being said, Minus Is a great musician, and Just because he doesnt display the best of etiquettes while performing, doesnt mean he should be left out of the history books. Minus also has a very long list of accomplishments In his life. As a growing musician, he was most inspired by Duke Longtime, and he even got the chance to play side him at one point, even if only for a very short amount of time (Due to his demanding and not very pleasant attitude). Not only was Minus a very accomplished bassist, but he also went on to be one of the best and most known band leaders and composers in all of Jazz, with such an enormous amount of variety in his music.That being said, the only real reason historians have for choosing to exempt him from Jazz history books was because of the way he acted. If I were to alter Mark Griddles Concise Guide Tacoma, I would include Charles Minus in chapter 8, Hard Bop. Although Minings styles vary so much that it is hard to place him into one chapter, I feel like this chapter includes the most variance to do so in such an acceptable and correct way.This chapter includes many jazz sounds that spin off of many of the cool styles, as well as bop, bebop, hard bop, funky Jazz, mainstream, post-bop, and soul Jazz. These are all elements that Minus has displayed at one time or another during either his composing or bassist career. Another chapter I would also include him in would be Chapter 5, How Swing Differs from Early Jazz. I would include Minus in this chapter as well because it talks so much of his most influential Jazz artist, and at one point fellow band mate, Duke Longtime.I feel like Minus truly does have enough variance in his music to help point out and draw the flee line between early Jazz and the newer swing Jazz. The mall differences between these two categories of Jazz are that In early Jazz, you were a lot less likely to have the big ban d feel to the music, and soloist played a more important role in early Jazz, whereas in the swing era, you were introduced to more FAA variety of instruments as well as new techniques on how to play them. Minus puts out good examples and songs/performances that clearly display how things transitioned from early Jazz to swing, and then onto other evolutions of jazz as well. After learning and hearing many of Charles Minings music, I definitely feel It Is book writers to come take note of Minings accomplishments, and start to include him in the history books right up there with Duke Longtime, Miles Davis, and Louis Armstrong. It is only fair to him and his fellow band mates, however, only time will tell.

Policy Brief Project Descriptioin ( prison and privatization) Research Paper

Policy Brief Project Descriptioin ( prison and privatization) - Research Paper Example er prison privatization are analyzed by covering sub topics on economic perspectives, which include arguments in favor and against the policy through cost factor discussion, theoretical considerations on the policy, and how prison prisons are managed. The changed policy trend includes a case brief of Florida. The process of policy making is elaborately evaluated. Analysis includes the procurement process. Role of politics is analyzed. Role of social stakeholder groups on changing values and participation of various stakeholders on the policy highlights the mood of the public and haste of the government in allowing privatization. Conclusion is derived on taking a restraint approach. The trend of prison privatization started in mid-1980s in the United States. Taking the lead from thereon, the prison privatization not only grew quite fast in the federal, state and county correctional facilities, but also captured market for other fields of the prison industry like providing financial services for the building of new prisons and the maintenance of the existing prisons. Additionally, a number of such private companies have become public limited concerns by indulging in stock trading as well. The business of prison privatization has seen relatively more growth than other services businesses. Generally, privatization of prisons is rooted in â€Å"public choice† reasoning of the socio-political environment, created from the antigovernment mood during the Reagan era. It led to policy change in the initial stages of policy formulation, and in the operations of prisons. The issue of prison privatization has aired the notion that incarceration has become a tool in the hands of politicians for formulating policies on essential minimum imprisoning for the growth of prison privatization industry (Price a& Riccucci, 2005). Analysis of the data of the 50 states indicates the role of political elements like the political environment of a state and the political party governing

Discussion Questions-z Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion Questions-z - Coursework Example Although the tourists first experience culture shock, they later adapt to the environment and enjoy every bit of it. In Mumbai, they find home away from home and the tourists even wonder why they should leave. â€Å"Look around. Why would I leave?† (p. 03). The predisposition that the tourists previously held is eliminated through the social interactions that transpire between the locals and the tourists. The US tourists are portrayed as sociable and respectful of the natives. However, in "The Unwelcomed Tourists", the locals and tourists seem to be suspicious about each other. The natives are portrayed as unwelcoming while the tourists strived to elude any form of interaction. Apparently, their interaction is manifested by degree of social aloofness, affective ties and stereotyping that would not exist between neighbors. The US tourists are portrayed as shrewd and end up being mistrusted by natives. However, these disparaging encounters can be attributed to restricted cultura l interactions and lack of impartiality. Paying empirical attention to generative potential and plurality can aid in creating a better understanding local-tourists interactions and improving this rather tainted scenario. The society needs to go beyond tourists contemplation and establish profound social relationships. As an industry, cruising has rapidly grown to currently attract over 12 million passengers annually and a source of employment for several tourism and hospitality professionals. In â€Å"Below the Passenger Deck,† and in â€Å"Working at the Rat,† the workers interact with passengers/guests and through these interactions, the many challenges threatening to engrave the tourism and hospitality industry are revealed. In â€Å"Below the Passenger Deck,† one outstanding fact that stands out is how not to treat guests. It was a classy charter yacht. No matter how demanding or annoying the guests acted, Kat and Amy kept on smiling and smirking. They do not get out of control or

Investment and Portfolio Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Investment and Portfolio Analysis - Essay Example The understandings of market sentiments are very important for technical analysts and day-traders who try to maximize profits from stock price movement. The analysis of balance sheet of the company is found that the company has strong fundamentals including sufficient assets to cover its liabilities and there are no concerns regarding debt, payables, or inventory. With the help of several technical indicators, an investor will be able to analyze the relationship between price – volume and demand – supply for the overall market as well as the individual stock and make appropriate investment decisions. The company’s management has been able to successfully tackle the slow demand situation by introducing new products in the market at lower cost which increased the company’s sales volumes. With the increase in sales the company’s cost of production also increased at CAGR of 49% during the past three years. On the basis of these analysis and findings a s uitable recommendation can be given to investor regarding the attractiveness of the investment. The investment style of an individual varies from another depending on various opportunities and investment constraints. Individuals generally invest a certain portion of the surplus left after all necessary expenditures are carried out. The most common objective however is to maximize their return on investment. A proper fundamental and technical analysis generally provides a basic idea regarding these aspects and helps investors make informed investment decisions. Other factors like macroeconomic scenario, industry analysis, market sentiments and management analysis also plays an important factor in giving the best idea of a long or short sale investment decision. This report discusses these important investment tools with reference to a particular stock, which will help the investors a clue of

Radiocarbon Dating in Archeology

Radiocarbon Dating in Archeology The science of archaeology has undeniably enriched mankind’s history and has helped to quench the quest to understand our past cultures in a better way. Understanding the age and period of existence of the excavated fossils and other organic objects will help the archaeologist to unravel human history and evolution in a scrupulous manner (Taylor 24). Archaeologists utilize one of the revolutionary methods called the radio carbon dating to determine the approximate age of the organic materials including plant and animal parts up to 50000 years (Long). Radiocarbon dating technique is primarily based on the radioactive decay of Carbon-14 isotope. Developed by a team of researchers under the leadership of Dr. Willard Libby, this technique had revolutionized the way the archaeological advancements are made in learning about the past civilization and cultures, changes occurred in the earth and in its climate. Radiocarbon dating enable archaeologists to provide proof of authenticity to the excavated artifacts’ period of usage and thus by collaborating with the efforts with historians and anthropologists, the unwritten history can be precisely explained. Significance Desmond Clark (1979) opinions that if radio carbon dating technique were not discovered, we would still be foundering in a sea of imprecisions sometime bred of inspired guesswork but more often of imaginative speculation (Clark, 1979:7). According to Higham (1999) C14 method can be described as ‘the radio carbon revolution’ which has significantly impacted our understanding about evolution and also cultural emergence of human species. Taylor (1987) suggests C-14 technique as one of the most significant discoveries of 20thcentury that touches the realms of many disciplines including archaeology. Prior to the development of radiocarbon dating it was difficult to determine the age of the artifacts unless it was accompanied with some chronologically specific things like a coin. Otherwise archaeologists had to resort t to the method of relative dating where by comparing with stratigraphically close objects [objects which are buried at the same depth will be approximately of t he same era.] clue regarding the time period and historical styles were assumed or rather guesstimated. But the advent of carbon-14 dating tools has opened up the new scope of absolute dating where scientists could predict the age of excavated artifacts and objects with great precision up to 50,000 years old. For example, if a tree was found to be used in an excavated piece of architecture, by determining the age of the tree or the period when the tree was cut down for construction, the era to which the excavated architecture exactly belongs can be estimated (Michels, J W). The Method of Carbon-14 Technique Archaeologists rely on the various radiometric dating techniques- based on the radioactive properties of unstable chemical atoms to determine the age of the materials. Researchers from the field of Physics have discovered that radioactive molecules are unstable and they undergo decay to attain a stable structure at a specific rate which is directly determined by the atomic number and mass of the decaying atom (Polach, H.A and. Currie, L.A). Based on this constant of the radioisotope of carbon, 14-C or carbon -14 the age of the organic material is assessed. In the biosphere carbon-14 is created by the collision of a neutron, exited by the cosmic ray collides with a nitrogen atom. The isotope of carbon thus produced is radioactive and it will undergo decay at a constant rate (Berger and H.E Suess). The carbon isotope is also absorbed during photosynthesis by plants and reaches animal body when they consume plant parts. It also reaches the organisms through respiration along with normal carbon-12. It is assumed that in a living object carbon-14 which undergoes decay is replaced at a steady rate. The carbon dating technique takes the assumption that al l livings have fairly same percentage of 14C isotope in their body and also that the ratio of carbon-12 to carbon -14 present in the biosphere and inside the living plants and animals remain constant. After the death of the organism the carbon intake is stopped. Then the amount of carbon-12 in the body will not reduce but the amount of carbon-14 undergoes reduction due its radioactivity. Carbon-14 isotope will undergo decay at an exponential rate to form the stable nitrogen-14.Thus by comparing the relative quantity of carbon -12 and carbon -14 in an organic matter excavated scientists can predict the age of the object (R.E Taylor and M.J Aitken). The following equation is used to determine the carbon-14 decay. Where N is the current amount, N_o is the original amount, lambda is the proportionality constant for the growth rate (which is negative for decay), and t is the amount of time that has passed. Figure: 1 Carbon -14 lifecycle. Source: (Brain, 2014) The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years. This implies that it takes 5730 years for half of the 14C atoms in the organic matter to get decayed. When an organism is dead the intake of the carbon-14 stops and in a 5730 year time period, half of the amount of carbon-14 present in the organic matter would have undergone beta decay to form stable Nitrogen-14. The burning of a small piece of the excavated organic matter and measuring the electrons emitted during the process by the decaying carbon-14 by radiation counters enable to quantify the amount of carbon -14 present in the material. This data will help the scientists to relationship of Nitrogen-14 and Carbon-14 atom and can be used to predict the age of the artifact directly. Limitations This method assumes that the ratio of C-14 to C-12 in the atmosphere and in the living organism will be a constant. But studies have showed a slight fluctuation in this ratio over the millennia and hence there is a possibility and consequent discrepancy in calculation too (Currie). Another limitation is the difficulty in estimating the age of things which are older than 50000 years as the amount of C-14 in such samples become absolutely undetectable due to complete decay. Conclusion Despite all the limitations radio carbon dating will remain as a significant tool for archaeologist around the globe to compare and understand the evolution of human culture and civilization. Advancements in this field like accelerator techniques of carbon-14 dating (C. Tuniz, J.R Bird, D.Fink, and G.F Herzog 60) conducted with the help of mass spectrometer have increased the range of the technique up to 100000 years (Nave). 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