Evolving Logistics Strategies For Molson Coors Business Essay

Evolving Logistics Strategies For Molson Coors Business Essay The continuous wave of globalisation of businesses has consistently led to increasing attention on logistics. This volume of attention is attributable to the massive roles that logistics plays in differentiating businesses and creating competitive advantages in the present global marketplace, tasking formidable managers to evolve rugged strategies that would measure up to the rapid changes and challenges that characterize the current global business landscape. Chow, Heaver and Henriksson (1994) offered a general definition of logistic as the planning, execution and control of the procurement, movement and stationing of personnel, material, and other resources to achieve the objectives of a campaign, plan, project, or strategy. However for the purpose of this paper that intends to study and report logistics management strategies, a more focused definition that bothers on the management aspect of logistics will be appropriate. According to the Council of Logistic Management (2009), logistic is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient effective flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements. In corporate organizations, logistics strategies are created to specifically define the very service levels where its logistics organization is at its most cost effective (Fawcett, 1991). Due to the rapid and constant changing of supply chains, companies may develop multiple logistic strategies for particular product lines, particular countries and/or particular customers. This underscores the importance of developing logistics strategies, as companies ability to adapt to the flexibilities of supply change would enable organizations to identify the impact of imminent changes and make functional adjustments to ensure that service levels are not reduced, as this provides differentiating advantages. Globally, the brewing industry is prominent among the industries that employ the best of minds to manage its operational activities, as logistics, stands out as one of the main challenges of the industry. A brewing firm that intends to remain in business must have formidable logistics management strategies in place that would help ensure that the company continues to get its products to its teeming customers on time therefore, preempting and overcoming the hiccups that occasionally impede the service levels and creates gaps in customer service. This paper shall research and analyze the logistic operations and position of one of the top brewing companies based in the United Kingdom; Molson Coors Brewing Company (UK) Limited. An evaluation of the key strategic approaches to logistics of the company will be done and management issues that arise with the implementation of new logistics strategy in respect of capital, technical and human resources will be examined. Lastly, an outline of the strategic significance of technological development and business trends on future logistics strategies for beer companies will be made. However, before we delve into the depth of the itemized navigations of this paper, let have a feel of the basics of the company. The Company: Molson Coors Brewing Company (UK) Limited. The corporate journey of what is now known and referred to as Molson Coors Brewing Company (UK) Limited started as far back as 1744 with the brewing skill and vision of one man, William Worthington (http://www.molsoncoors.co.uk/aboutus/companyhistory/index.html.) who began the brewing business in Burton-on-Trent in UK (regarded as the spiritual home of brewing). The company went through quite a number of metamorphoses that bothers on ownership, markets and structure before finally recently changing its name from Coors Brewers Limited to the present name in the year 2009. The company who shares its history and ownership with Molson Coors Brewing Company in the United States is presently one of the largest brewers in the world. The company remains a leading brewer in the U.K, U.S and Canada with a combined annual beer volume of over 48 million hectolitres which invariably translate into high net sales of more than US$5.6 billion (http://www.molsoncoors.co.uk/aboutus/structure.html). The major brands of the company include Carling Mainstream British Lager, Carling C2 Mid-Strength British lager, Carling Premier, Coors Light US Premium, Grolsch Dutch Premium and so on. The Company have six strategic locations in the UK; Burton-on-Trends, Staffordshire, Alton, Hampshire, Tadcaster, Leeds, Cardiff and Livingston. The strategic vision of the company is simply to be the number one brewer in the United Kingdom. In order for this vision to be accomplished, the companys business strategies are entrenched in its brands and human resources. In terms of its brands, the company intends to build portfolios of tomorrow while engaging right people, right way. It holds its values in integrity, quality, excelling, passion and creativity. As part of the mandate that informs this study, this report will seek to contribute to the realisation of the vision of the company from the logistics perspectives in the following sections. Strategic Position of Molson Coors Brewing Company: Logistics Perspective The early part of this report stressed the need for businesses to deploy formidable strategies that would ensure the sustainability of appreciable service quality within the rapidly changing global business climate. This section will attempt to examine the logistics strategic position of Molson Coors using the SWOT analysis that would x-ray both the internal and external factors affecting the logistics management of the company within the view of the Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats of the company in its logistics operations. Strengths: Of high importance in the strengths of Molson Coors is the highly integrated divisional structure that exists between its finance, human capital, procurement and technology departments. These core activities form the backbone of its operations and support all the facets of the companys business. In the technology aspect, the company is deploying SAP while the procurement is making use of the VIPER program. This program is designed to consolidate vendors, and this will enable the company to control more leverage and reduce cost. Also, the company has competitive strengths in primary supply, production activities particularly inbound logistics and operations. The companys strength in inbound logistics includes long-term supplier relationships, supplier training, strategic sourcing and the VIPER program. In respect of its operations, Molson Coors has great capacity in waste minimization, cold filtering process and quality controls, joint venture relationships and close logist ics to packaging facilities and high economies of scale. Weaknesses: One of the key weaknesses of Molson Coors is its recent attempt to extend its SAP system to its supply chain. This extension was not well executed and it had a high negative impact on the companys financials. Meanwhile, the company has not been performing well financially as it attribute this poor financial condition to the harsh market condition in the United Kingdom. It recorded a decline of 46% in the second quarter of its financial year. Also, the management style of the company which is structure in the top-down format is another major weakness of the company as this impedes the power to innovate and move forward since the company is largely controlled by the Coors family that holds the voting stock in the company. Opportunities: The harsh economic conditions in the United Kingdom has simmered down towards the last two quarters of the year 2009, this leaves the year 2010 to be very promising for market consolidation. In order to take advantage of this opportunity, the company plans to boost its marketing spending in 2010 by GBP8.1M (Just-Drink.Com, 2010). Research has also shown that the proliferations of microbrewers are driving consumers with the urge to try different types of beers than the staunch brand following that used to subsist (Market and Research, 2009). This gives room for market expansion that Molson Coors can take advantage of. In respect of the available opportunities that Molson Coors can seize to develop its existing logistics; there are opportunities to drive off inefficiencies in the face of modern technologies that would also ensure the reduction of production wastes and other forms of wastes as constituted in the seven waste (Harrison and Hoek, 2008). Also, its SAP application will help to provide more efficient customer service, effective data management that would engender planning and a productive information system. In addition, the limited influences that suppliers have over this industry holds lots of opportunities for Molson Coors. Threats: Same way as great opportunities existed for Molson Coors in terms of market expansion in the face of consumers trying different brands, so do their competitors also have some advantage to wrestles consumers from Molson Coors. The brewing industry is an industry with a very high rivalry, therefore, Molson Coors has a constant market threat in its business operation. Due to the high level of competition in the industry and the great varieties of beer that exist, coupled with the availability of substitutes, buyers maintain large power in the market while the brewers power to influence pricing is minimal. Key Strategic Approaches to Logistics Management of Molson Coors The importance of theories in management and other fields of study cannot be overemphasized, as they help to guide our actions by providing assumptions which we consider before making our decisions. There are four theories of strategy whose approaches may be used by the logistics management of Molson Coors Brewing Company though at varying degrees, and depending on the situation on ground. The reason for the adoption of the four theories lies in the fact that no single theory is adequate to provide a one medicine fits all approach to both management and all fields of study. A consideration of varying theories eclectically most times provides better ways of understanding situations. Equally, company adopts multiple logistics strategies in order to withstand constant changes in supply chain, therefore this portends the use of different approaches as well. Classical approach to strategy: Molson Coors may be able to use this approach that holds that good planning is key to good anticipation and adaptability to market change. The theory proclaims that profitability is the ultimate goal in business and rational planning remains the effective means of reaching the goals (Whittington, 2001). From the organizational structure of Molson Coors, it appears that the management of the company gives credence to this approach as it employed the services of a strategic director, a supply chain director and two sales directors who are members of the top management team. Just as the Classical strategic thinking emphasised the importance of good managers as tools of profit maximising strategies through rational long-term planning, Molson Coors likewise has great confidence in the ability of its management staff to make the company achieve its set objectives as entrenched in the companys vision (see http://www.molsoncoors.co.uk/aboutus/ourmission.html). Evolutionary approach to strategy: As for the evolutionary approaches, markets are too tough, complicated and unpredictable to require heavy investment in strategic plans. The approach is less confident in the ability of managers to act and plan rationally. Rather the approach holds that market forces shall secure profits maximization and downplays the influence of the managers as it believes that whatever the strategy adopted by managers, only the best performers shall excel in the market (De Wit and Meyer, 2004). They would rather advise that strategists should keep their costs low and their options open. Though this may not entire fit into the arrangements at Molson Coors, however, the derivations from approach may also be considered by the company as the brewing industry is indeed an unpredictable one and Molson Coors have been expending quite a large sum on strategic activities that may not positively impact on the profitability of the company. This is evident from the financial s of the company in which the companys assets cannot take care of the companys liability. With the mean resources available at the disposal of the company, a good consideration of the evolutionary approach to strategy may be inevitable. Processual approaches to strategy: This approach also contests the detached approach of the Classical strategy, aligning rather on the assumption that effective strategies emerge directly from close participation in the daily operations and basic strengths of the company (Whittington, 2001). This approach is generally related to the beliefs of the evolutionary approach on rational strategy making but do not exhibit such confidence in the markets ensuring profit maximization. The approach hold that the combination of the organization and markets are often confusing concepts, which then lead to unclear strategies evolving. They then postulated that managers own their strategies and competitive advantages to the imperfections that exist between the organizations and the markets processes. In clear terms, the processual approach advises that organizations should abstain from striving after unattainable ideal of rational fluid action but should rather go with the global flow. Molson Coors , may also be able to consider this approach because of its emphasis on the market trends being the main determinants of business processes. However, this approach does not presently appear in the management planning of Molson Coors as they remain more devoted to the classical approach with some considerations from the evolutionary approach. Systemic perspectives on strategy: The main argument of the system approach on strategy is that strategies should evolve around sociology and must be appropriate to particular social context. The systemic approach asserts that there is no single best way to strategy, however, it holds that organization should just play by the rules. Unlike the evolutionary and processual approaches, the systemic approach has some faith in the capacity of the organization to plan and effectively act within its business environment, however, they separate from the Classical approach by not agreeing with the forms and ends of rationality as proposed by the Classists. Rather, the systemic argue that the rationale that underlines strategy should be embedded in the peculiar sociological context. This approach holds a lot of realities on ground for Molson Coors as the company need to examine the market realities and peculiarities of the environment that it operates in before making some strategic decisions. Since the company operates in three main countries; the US, Canada and UK, adopting a single strategy may mar the logistics growth of the organization. In particular, the tough business climate in the UK which adversely affected the brewing industry is a case in point. Having considered the suitability of the four basic approaches of strategy to the logistics management of Molson Coors, this paper submit that elements of the four strategic approaches should be considered to plan strategic approaches that would evolve around the peculiarities of the human resources, business environment and market forces that subsists within the brewing industry of the United Kingdom. Implementing logistics strategy at Molson Coors: Management issues arising Implementing change in organizations have never being an easy exercise in any part of the world right from the conception stage where decisions are made to effect change to the execution of such changes, resistances usually abound. Therefore, there would be some issues relating to the implementation of the new logistics strategy at Molson Coors or other organization for that matter. The way and manner that such issues are handled separates different organization and speak volumes on the capacity of organizations on change management as well as determine the success or positive impact of such implementation. Lets look in-depth into the management issues that arose at Molson Coors upon the implementation of new logistics strategy. Capital: The implementation of new logistics strategy will always impact on the available capital of organizations. Most times, decisions on the implementation of new strategy are usually taken with high consideration of the available capital of the organization. As highlighted in the evaluation of the current strategic position of Molson Coors, one of the weaknesses of the company is its inability to properly consider its available capital before planning and implementing new logistics strategy. For example its recent attempt to extend its SAP applications to its supply chain without adequate consideration of its available capital leading to a massive financial loss to the company and plunging the company into deep financial crisis. Also the company is on the verge of implementing a new logistics support service with its plan to expend  £8.5million on marketing in the year 2010. This will no doubt impact on the companys financials if adequate planning is not done. Another major lo gistics strategy issue that impacts on the available capital of Molson Coors is the implementation of the outsourcing of its supply chain which includes the warehousing, inventory and transportation of its products. This has assisted the financials of the company as it is able to save good value of capital (both human and financial resources) by the implementation of its outsourcing logistics strategy. This underscores the need for companies to always consider the available capital before implementing new logistics strategy. Technical: The successfully implementation of logistics strategy in any company has strong roots in the technical capacity of the company. This is because there are a lot of technologies involved in the new logistics operations of the brewing industry globally that require good management in order to optimize the benefits of such logistics strategy deployment. At Molson Coors, emphasis is laid on training as a means of integrating the human technical resources with the technologies deployed. Also, the capital resources is harmonized with the technical resources for the establishment of operational and manufacturing equipments that conforms with the set strategy put in place by the management for its workability. Human: Human resource issues in logistics strategy implementation remains the most daunting issue in the change management process as most times, executive staff and other employees are opposed to changes in organizational status quo. However, in order for human resource issue to be managed and with the huge believe of Molson Coors on its human resources as the vehicle that will bring about the actualisation of the companys vision, Molson Coors normally relocates and train staff to meet up with management decisions. However, it has a huge weakness in not involving the executive staff and other employees on decision-making process of logistics strategy issues. This portends great performance danger due to the top-down format of its organizational structure and the huge interfering influences of the family that holds the voting stock of the companys shares. Significance of new technology developments and future logistics strategies at Molson Coors Brewing Company (UK) Limited. There is no unitary answer to the question of the significance that new technology developments would impact on the future logistics strategies of beer manufacturing companies as the peculiarities of the markets, company maturity and strategies would be factors that would shape the outlook. However, this section will highlight some of the significance of the emerging technology developments and business trends of future logistics strategies. Inbound and outbound logistics: There are many importances of the new developments of technology in the future logistics of Molson Coors that starts from the inbound and outbound logistics activities like improvement in the transportation services, material handling, material storage and other forms of communications. The emerging automation of the activities and processes aforementioned will enable the company to leverage on time and resources by evolving effective and efficient planning through forecasting and other strategic planning of its activities in other to eliminate wastages. The developments of technologies in this sense will lead to higher customer service and better logistics operation. Information system: One of the key areas where the developments in technology can significantly impact in the operations of Molson Coors in the information system of the operational activities of the company. In fact it is already a factor that has been shaping its logistics activities overtime. Molson Coors having recognised the significance of improved technology on the future market trends attempted to extend its SAP applications to its supply chain, though unsuccessful, however, part of what the future logistics strategy holds for the company is a reapplication of the integration which will massively help the company have a more effective supply chain as part of the companys present strengths lies in its qualitative information system. Operations technologies: The emerging technologies will also positively impact on the operations technologies of the brewing company. Activities that involves the processing, material handling, machine tools, packaging within the production section of the company is expected to be enhanced by the developing technology. Data Planning: The new technology is also expected to impact on the data planning aspect of the production of the company. Data is very important to the activities and processes of a brewing company hence the enhancement of the data planning by enabling technologies will positively influence at the tactical level to effectively plan production, forecast demand, develop products and process information. This will also add to the advantage of avoiding wastages and efficiently addressing customers needs as well as evolving good value chain activities. Conclusion and Recommendations Molson Coors, no doubt have a combination of product and business knowledge with appreciable logistics strategies for the company to be able to withstand the rapidly fluid beer industry and market. The company is blessed with good organizational structure that recognises the importance of strategic logistics in its business organization, though the decision making aspects on strategic changes are done without adequate consultation with the employees. This paper, having considered the results of the logistics strategies evaluation, concludes that the firm Molson Coors Brewing Company (UK) Limited are logistically endowed and positioned to survive in the UK business environment and proceed to the next level. However, the following recommendations that bother on the study conduct must be considered by the management. Though the company failed in its bid to align its SAP applications to its supply chain, however, this paper recommends a retrial of the process with due consultations with technological experts and technical employees of the company. The paper recommends a judicious consideration of the four basic approaches to strategy by the company in settling for its logistics strategy which will be evolving and market specific. Managers at the local level should be enabled and involved in the planning process and decision making on strategic issues. As presently constituted, there is no director administering the information technology and support of the company. This implies that the department is not given top priority in the company hierarchy. This should be corrected by considering the elevation of the department of ITS into one of the constituents of the companys directorship. If these recommendations are considered by the management of Molson Coors in addition to visiting the SWOT analysis conducted with the aim of strengthening the weaknesses, taking advantages of the opportunities, raising defences against the threats and consolidating the strengths of the organization, it is the believe of this paper that Molson Coors Brewing Company (UK) Limited will come out at the end of year 2010 a more formidable force in the brewing industry and even beyond.

Analysis of Different Social Networking Tools Essay

Social network is a social structure made up of many actors, for example firms, or people which are all tied up in relationships, connections, or interactions(1). The social network perspective is made up to employ the structure of a social group, how they interact with each other, how this structure has an influence on other variables and how it changes as time passes. What is Social Networking Analysis? Social network analysis is the mapping and measuring of all the factors that make up the social network, it is the measuring of relationships and flows between people, groups, organizations, computers, URL, and other connected information entries(3). The nodes in the network are represented as people and the links show their direct relationships with each other. To have deeper understanding of networks and their participants , we evaluate the location of actors in the network which basically means finding the centrality of a node . These measures give us insight into the various roles and groupings in a network — who are the connectors, mavens, leaders, bridges, isolates, where are the clusters and who is in them, who is in the core of the network, and who is on the periphery? In order to evaluate and understand these networks and the relationships between their actors we use social network analysis tools. We will be discussing three different SNA tools, compare between them, talk about their main features, and their pros and cons. UCINET: Features: UCINET is one of the top software packages used for analyzing social network data, it is a downloadable software program that can read and write social network data files, and it is primarily used in academic environments and also by consultants that have developed customized versions of the software to suit their specific need(5). Net draw is a program that accompanies UCINET upon download and is used to read and display network visualizations, not only that but the UCINET file formats are compatible and can be used with a number of other analysis and visualization platforms. Pros: UCINET comes with many advantages, it has significant compatibility to import data from many different files format, including excel , it also supports more complex types of network analysis and the accompanying tool Net draw is able to handle very large files. Finally it is compatible like stated above with many different visualization platforms. Cons: The disadvantages of UCINET start off with the fact that is more difficult to use it with the simple social network analysis tasks as it is intended to be used with the more sophisticated types of network. Online help resources also seem intended for the more experienced, sophisticated types of audience as one must have prior knowledge of the software in order to follow. Net draw’s visualization does not allow formatting of output of data also during viewing of the social network it is difficult to filter data. Nit miner: Features: Net Miner is a premium software tool for Exploratory Analysis and Visualization of Network Data(4). The tool allows you to explore your network data visually and interactively, and helps you to detect underlying patterns and structures of the network. The tool is intended to handle large amounts of data and enables the user to conduct both simple and more advanced types of analysis, including a number of statistical procedures. The data generated from Net miner can be visualized based on several different types of network visualization and algorithms and statistical results can be charted using graphs which shows that the data produced can be easily interpreted into many outputs. As you can tell Net miner is a very user friendly type of tool and also statistically powerful, it is suitable for a large range of audiences including, corporate, academic, and general consumer use. Pros: As stated before Net miner is very user friendly, it comes packed with a convenient and intuitive user interface which provides as a nice advantage for less experienced types of users? The user support is another strong area as help files are provided into the platform as well as documentation on how to use the product which can be found online on the publisher’s website. It is also good for use with the more advanced types of users as it features advanced functionality to conduct multiple types of statistical analyses and visualizations. Cons: One of the few drawbacks though of Net miner which may come as a surprise since its user friendliness, is the fact, that it requires at the very least a basic understanding of technical sophistication and some familiarity with social networking Visone: Features: Visone is a long-term research project (team), in which models and algorithms are used to integrate and advance the analysis and visualization of social networks that are being developed(6). The most significant feature of Visone is the design and implementation of a software tool intended for research and teaching in social network analysis. It is specifically designed to allow experts and novices alike to apply innovative and advanced visual methods with ease and accuracy. The main features of the Visone software tool is its interactive analysis and visualization of social networks which proves useful as it is used for the research and teaching of social network analysis. The Visone is also capable of being used through JAVA and can also be downloaded or used via the web. Visone enables the user to run multiple types of visualization based on common scientific algorithms, users can also calculate metrics based on social network data. Visone is commonly used in academic environments; it is also suitable for a wider audience because it is more affordable and easier to use than most academic platforms with similar functionality. Pros: Visone comes packed with a very clean looking and intuitive interface; it is user friendly and helps out the less experienced users to be able to get access to complex tools. Its advanced capabilities to output multiple types of visualizations are also one of its strongpoints. Cons: Visone main drawbacks comes down to the fact that there is a lack of help files integrated within the software therefore it is difficult for user who are inexperienced to be able to carry out tasks which they aren’t familiar with. Support doesn’t only fall short in here it’s online user’s manual to conducting analyses is not comprehensive and other online software documentation is difficult to navigate.

Difference Between Eastern and Western Architecture

Acknowledgements The process of writing this thesis brings a great pleasure to me. It really broadens my mind and enlarges my vision. First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to the School of Foreign Languages of Hainan University to give me such a good chance to know more about â€Å"Situational Context and Text Coherence† and many linguists who have made great effort on those themes related to my topic, so that I can show some of my humble views. I would especially like to give my heartiest thanks to Mrs B, my supervisor, who devotes herself to enlightening me on the specific patterns and styles; I am really obsessed with her brilliant guidance and earnest attitudes towards those which are taken charge of by her. Without her†¦show more content†¦This kind of civil construction materials from China for the end of primitive society , the same strain , and influenced Japan , Korea and other neighboring countries in the architectual style . 1.2 Dominated western architecture in stone For the West the choice of materials of construction , in addition to the different due to the natural factors , but more importantly , due to different ideas result . Mainly in the West to hunt of primitive economy created the orginal state of mind . Strone from the affirmation of the West can be seen on Western rationalism . The relationship between man and nature are emphasized in the masters of the world , human strength and wisdon to prevail . China to primitive agriculture-based economy has long been a source of civilization in the way of re-selsction , re-collection , re-storage approaches . Different building materials to bring Chinese and Western aesthetic differences . 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Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 1156 Words

â€Å"The turning point in the process of growing up is when you discover the core of strength within you that survives all hurt† (Max Lerner). As children begin the process of growing up they have to go difficult times and periods in order to become an adult. Even though the events may hurt, they still gain strength from those events and when then find that strength, then they begin to truly grow up. This lesson is learned throughout Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mockingbird. The story takes place in the 1930s in the small town Maycomb County, Alabama. The main character Scout starts the story out as a young girl who behaves as a tom-boy and she favors fighting rather than talking out her feelings. Scout’s father Atticus is trying to teach her how to mature, but it is a long process. Her older brother Jem and their best friend Dill contribute toward her staying immature by messing around with the neighbors, specifically the Radley’s. They become fascinate d with the mysterious son, Arthur (Boo) Radley. But overtime, he becomes insignificant because of Atticus’s job and the stress that it puts on the family after he takes a difficult case. As a result of this case Scout matures faster than normal because of the difficult material. Throughout the novel, Scout becomes more mature causing her to strengthen her compassion toward others, which shows how through growing up, people experience situations that cause them to understand the appropriate way to act. During Scouts transitionShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1049 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: How a Story could be based on True Events in Everyday LifeDaisy GaskinsCoastal Pines Technical Collegeâ€Æ'Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama. Her father was a former newspaper editor and proprietor, who had served as a state senator and practiced as a lawyer in Monroeville. Also Finch was known as the maiden name of Lee’s mother. 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This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair treatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectivelyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee873 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee illustrates that â€Å"it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† throughout the novel by writing innocen t characters that have been harmed by evil. Tom Robinson’s persecution is a symbol for the death of a mockingbird. The hunters shooting the bird would in this case be the Maycomb County folk. Lee sets the time in the story in the early 1950s, when the Great Depression was going on and there was poverty everywhere. The mindset of people back then was that blackRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee963 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing up, when older characters give advice to children or siblings.Growing up is used frequently in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Harper Lee uses the theme growing up in To Kill a Mockingbird to change characters opinion, develop characters through their world, and utilizes prejudice to reveal growing up. One major cause growing up is used in To Kill a Mockingbird is to represent a change of opinion. One part growing up was shown in is through the trial in part two of the novelRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1052 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb County, Alabama in the late 30s early 40s , after the great depression when poverty and unemployment were widespread throughout the United States. Why is the preconception of racism, discrimination, and antagonism so highly related to some of the characters in this book? People often have a preconceived idea or are biased about one’s decision to live, dress, or talk. Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee examines the preconceptionRead MoreHarper Lee and to Kill a Mockingbird931 Words   |  4 PagesHarper Lee and her Works Harper Lee knew first hand about the life in the south in the 1930s. She was born in Monroeville, Alabama in 1926 (Castleman 2). Harper Lee was described by one of her friends as Queen of the Tomboys (Castleman 3). Scout Finch, the main character of Lees Novel, To Kill a Mockinbird, was also a tomboy. Many aspects of To Kill a Mockingbird are autobiographical (Castleman 3). Harper Lees parents were Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. She was the youngestRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1695 Words   |  7 PagesIn To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee presents as a ‘tired old town’ where the inhabitants have ‘nowhere to go’ it is set in the 1930s when prejudices and racism were at a peak. Lee uses Maycomb town to highlight prejudices, racism, poverty and social inequality. In chapter 2 Lee presents the town of Maycomb to be poverty stricken, emphasised through the characterisation of Walter Cunningham. When it is discovered he has no lunch on the first day of school, Scout tries to explain the situation to MissRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1876 Words   |  8 PagesThough Harper Lee only published two novels, her accomplishments are abundant. Throughout her career Lee claimed: the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Goodreads Choice Awards Best Fiction, and Quill Award for Audio Book. Lee was also inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. This honor society is a huge accomplishment and is considered the highest recognition for artistic talent and accomplishment in the United States. Along with these accomplishments, herRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as crops, houses, and land, and money was awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of good and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch,

Event Plan for Themed Art Exhibition - 5816 Words

La Moda E ArtePresents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..‘Student Life’A themed art exhbition. | | | | | | | | Contents page * Project partners * Event concept * Objectives * Resources * Analysis * Marketing plan * Design plan * Operation plan * Project management plan * Financial plan Project partners The sickle cell society are our main partners, this is the chosen organisation we will be donating a percentage of the final profit too. After having spoken to the management team in charge of the organisation they have confirmed their participation and are willing to provide us with as much support as possible. At the event they will be sending us members of staff to help promote their charity by†¦show more content†¦On the night the artists will be at the gallery displaying their work. Waiters/waitresses: On the night the waiters and waitresses are required to serve food and drink on the night. Photographers: The photographers are required to take pictures on the night and before the night. Pictures before the event will be of the models representing the artwork. On the night a photographer will be taking photos of the event, these photos will be launched on the website and for personal use. Venue staff: The hiring of venue will include venue staff; they can choose to be there throughout the night. The stylist: The stylist will be given a budget for each model and is required to style and clothe them according to each relevant theme. They will purchase the clothing from various charity shops. Charity representatives: The charity representatives are required to present a speech at the event, elaborating on what the charity does and the reason they are trying to raise funds. They need to be present to answer questions and assist with all the merchandise provided. Event team: We will be managing the event operations on the day and overseeing all decisions to be made in addition to being first point of entry, collecting the tickets and mingling with the customers. Physical and financial resources In order to carry out a successful event we must ensure that all theShow MoreRelatedEvent Industry Suppliers and Event Organisational Structures2724 Words   |  11 PagesEvent Industry Suppliers and Event Organisational Structures Since the beginning of time human beings had the need of having special events. First, they were made for cultural and celebration purposes, but their area increased continuously. Today, the events vary from personal celebrations to mega events, from voluntary events to private musical events, form cultural to sporting events. Shone and parry classify special events by purpose and these are: leisure events (sport, recreation, andRead MoreMacro Environment Factors on Cinema2883 Words   |  12 Pagesoperational synthesis of these key drivers. Statistics for cinema screens, attendance, and seating capacity are shown in the appendix. INTRODUCTION With the support of several government agencies, Singapore, predominantly an import exhibition market has ambitious plans to develop its film and cinematic capabilities over the next decade (Singapore Media Fusion, accessed 21 May 2010). The local cinema goer has become more discerning as consumer expectations remain high. Patrons are now spoilt for choiceRead MoreMetropolitan Museum of Art - Case Study Essay example4646 Words   |  19 PagesExecutive Summary The New York Metropolitan Museum of the Art is a non-profit institution with an established history as a behemoth of the artistic world. It was founded and maintains today the mission of â€Å"establishing and maintaining in the city of New York a museum and library of art, of encouraging and developing, the study of the fine arts, and the application of arts to manufacturing and practical life, of advancing the general knowledge of kindred subjects, and, to that end, of furnishingRead MoreConference and Banquet Management5543 Words   |  23 Pagessize of the catering operation, the variety of opportunities available is endless. â€Å"The sky is the limit with catering†. The hospitality industry consists of broad category of fields within the service industry that includes lodging, restaurants, event planning, theme parks, transportation, cruise line, and additional fields within the tourism industry. The hospitality industry is a several billion dollar industry that mostly depends on the availability of leisure time and disposable income. 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One of my favorites is at Bloomingdale’s in Dubai Mall: the UAE-themed tote, which can be yours for 150 dirhams ($41). Emiratis express their national pride in many ways. Most common is vehicle adornment. Lots of Emiratis display flags at theirRead MoreCase Study Galeries Lafayette Essay3858 Words   |  16 Pagesunder one single roof (Roulleau 2006, p. 9). This holistic instore marketing concept is based on the following pillars: n offering whole shopping worlds about a central theme instead of conventional departments, including a large number of brands n events to enhance the shopping experience n high level of dynamics in terms of new products and short-term offers. Since this metamorphosis customers no longer really enter a shop, but several distinct worlds that allow them to experience real-life sensationsRead MoreWireless Hill Business Case8354 Words   |  34 PagesSee 4.4 Strategic Impact for the link to the City of Melville Strategic Plan Realise the Wireless Hill Vision 2020 Concise Scope Interpretation plan, concept plan, detailed design, approvals, staged implementation and construction of concept works at Wireless Hill Reserve. Museum plan, museum de-accessioning, preparing museum space developing the Wireless Hill Museum internal area into a new multi-use museum exhibition and learning space. Principal Outcomes The principle outcomes fromRead MoreA Study of Tourism in Thailand21369 Words   |  86 Pagesbusinesses in Thailand. It will investigate their use of events as a marketing tool. The study conducted online surveys by selected hundred hotels from the travel trade show in Thailand, 2010. 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Apa System Free Essays

Referencing using the APA (American Psychological Association) style †¢ About this resource †¢ The APA style †¢ Part 1: In-text Citations †¢ Part 2: Collating a reference list †¢ A sample reference list in APA style †¢ Further reading †¢ Printable copy of this resource (75 KB) About this resource This resource explains some of the more common applications of the APA style. It is based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed. ) (2010), pp. We will write a custom essay sample on Apa System or any similar topic only for you Order Now 169–224. You should always check your unit guide and/or with academic staff (unit chair, lecturer or tutor) to make sure that this is the correct referencing style for your unit. You must reference all material you use from all sources and acknowledge your sources in the body of your paper each time you use a fact, a conclusion, an idea or a finding from someone’s work. This establishes the authority of your work and acknowledges the researchers and writers you have drawn upon in your paper. It is necessary to cite your sources each time you: †¢ reproduce an author’s exact words (quote), that is, copy word for word directly from a text. A page number must be given. †¢ use your own wording (summarise or paraphrase) to explain or discuss what someone has said. You are encouraged to provide page numbers. If you copy an entire table, chart, diagram or graph or if you take only some of the data contained in such sources, you must provide a reference. Sources such as journals, books, encyclopedias, computer programs and software, information from the internet, reports, newspapers, interviews, radio and television must be cited in the body of your paper and detailed in a reference list at the end. Information from Deakin study guides and readers must also be acknowledged. The APA style The APA style of referencing consists of two elements: (1) in-text citations giving author, year and sometimes page number in the body of the paper (2) a reference list at the end of the paper providing the complete details for each in-text citation. Part 1 of this resource deals with in-text citations. Part 2 of this resource shows how to present the related reference list entries for the in-text citations. Part 1: In-text Citations One author When you refer to a single author, include the author’s family name and year of publication, using one of the forms shown here. Clay (2003) argues that having a planned approach to writing essays can be of great benefit. or Essay writing can be made much more manageable if a planned approach is taken (Clay, 2003). For citing an author or authors more than once in any one paragraph, see instructions under Repeat citations of a study within one paragraph. Multiple authors For two authors, include the family name of both authors and year as required. According to Antonakos and Kazanis (2003) there are advantages to keeping design and research methods simple. or There are advantages to keeping design and research methods simple (Antonakos Kazanis, 2003). Use ‘and’ when family names are outside parentheses; use ‘’ when family names are inside parentheses. In the case of three, four or five authors, cite all authors the first time, then in subsequent citations of this work use the family name of the first author plus ‘et al. ‘ and the year as required. Gagliardi, Frederickson and Shanley (2002) argue that in order to provide consistent care, healthcare professionals often face the dilemma of finding similarities in patient responses to illness while at the same time respecting the uniqueness of each individual patient. However, despite any apparent similarities in symptoms or limitations, Gagliardi et al. contend all patients should be treated differently. Furthermore, according to the Roy Adaptation Model (Roy Andrews, 1999), nurses need to make comprehensive assessments of each patient. After the first citation of an author or authors in the narrative (i. e. the author’s name does not appear in parentheses), you need cite only the family names/s in the same paragraph (i. e. no date required). For six or more authors use only the family name of the first author plus ‘et al. ‘ in all citations including the first. Use date as appropriate. Mahon et al. (1997) reviewed how nursing diagnosis content is presented in nursing textbooks. Repeat citations of a study within one paragraph In any one paragraph, if you cite an author/s more than once in the narrative (i. e. the author’s name does not appear in parentheses), include family name/s and year the first time. In subsequent citations in the narrative in the same paragraph you need to cite only the family name/s, provided studies cannot be confused. According to Savage (2004) little attention has been given to the way a nurse might identify and †¦. Savage argues that in an environment of evidence-based practice †¦ In discussing ways of researching emotion, Savage (2004) highlights the importance of†¦ When the name of the author/s and year are in parentheses in any one paragraph, the year is included in subsequent citations. Little attention has been given to the way a nurse might identify and †¦ (Savage, 2004). Savage (2004) argues that in an environment of evidence-based practice †¦ Secondary source Sometimes you read one author (secondary) who cites another (primary). In the example that follows, you have read Savage who referred to a publication by Lupton, but you did not read Lupton yourself. Lupton (as cited in Savage, 2004) distinguishes between â€Å"emotional labour† and â€Å"emotional work†. Note: The entry in the reference list is under Savage. Article or chapter in an edited book An edited book is one that consists of chapters or articles written by different authors. You need to acknowledge the author of the chapter or article you used. This author is cited in text (that is, in the body of the paper) in the same way as for one or more authors. In the example that follows, Naidoo has written a chapter in a book edited by Thorogood and Coombes. In the body of your assignment cite only Naidoo. Naidoo (2000) claims that risk factor simulation models†¦ Note: The entry in the reference list gives full details of the publication. Under the name of the author (Naidoo) you need to give the details of the chapter you read plus the details of the book. Group or organisation as author Where the author is a government agency, association, corporate body or the like, which has a familiar or easily understandable acronym, it is cited as follows: Obesity in Australian men and women increased during the 1980s (National Health and Medical Research Council [ NHMRC ], 1997). A single cause for obesity †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. ( NHMRC , 1997). Note: The entry in the reference list is under National Health and Medical Research Council. No author name provided If no author is designated, cite the first few words of the title, and the year. Full title details are provided in the reference list entry. Studies suggest that many IVF couples would donate excess embryos to scientific research (â€Å"Embryo study,† 2004). Use double quotation marks around the title of an article or chapter. Use italics and no quotation marks in text for the title of a periodical, book, brochure or report with no author. Two or more publications by the same author in the same year If an author has published two or more works in the same year, a lower case letters a,b,c and so forth are used after the date to distinguish between them. Letters are assigned according to the alphabetical order of the title. According to McDonald (2007c) †¦ McDonald (2007a) first suggested †¦ However it has also been noted that †¦ (McDonald, 2007b). No year of publication provided If there no year is given for a source, use n. d. (which stands for no date) after the author’s name. In a detailed analysis, Jones (n. . ) argues †¦ Personal communication Personal communications can include letters, emails, personal interviews, telephone conversations and the like. Cite personal communications in text only; they are not included in a reference list. J. Robinson (personal communication, May 11, 2010) indicated †¦ †¦ (L. Frazer, Manager, Heathville Community Centre, personal communication, Ju ne 4, 2009) Electronic sources The principles for in-text citation of print sources also apply to electronic sources. All electronic sources should therefore be cited according to the name of the author/s. As for print sources, cite by title if there is no author. Many online articles are pdf files, i. e. copies of print documents, so they usually indicate page numbers. Use these page numbers when you cite information from such sources. Some articles are not pdf files and do not have page numbers. In these cases use paragraph numbers, if these are provided. Smith (2003, para. 3) claims †¦ If paragraph numbers are not provided and the document includes headings, use these headings and count the number of paragraphs. Smith (2003, Conclusion section, para. 3) claims †¦ Quotes Short quotes (fewer than 40 words) should run on as part of your sentence with double quotation marks to signal where the quote starts and finishes. The page where the quote comes from must be included. Clay (2003) argues that students experience writer’s block because â€Å"they have not given sufficient thought to reviewing course content and developing their ideas† (p. 47).. Alternatively, Students experience writer’s block because â€Å"they have not given sufficient thought to reviewing course content and developing their ideas† (Clay, 2003, p. 47). Long quotes, known as ‘block quotes’ (more than 40 words) should: †¢ start on a new line be indented about 5 spaces from the left hand margin †¢ be double spaced †¢ omit quotation marks. For example: An important stage in assignment writing is planning. Clay (2003) comments that: Some students are tempted to plunge into writing their assignment, beginning with the introduction b ut soon find that they experience â€Å"writer’s block† and cannot decide what to write next. The problem occurs because they have not given sufficient thought to reviewing course content and developing their ideas about relating the theory to their practice. (p. 47) There are a variety of ways that students can plan †¦ Part 2: Collating a reference list An important purpose of the reference list is to enable readers to locate sources. Therefore details must be correct and complete. Each in-text citation and the related reference list entry should be identical in spelling and year. A work is listed only once in the reference list, regardless of how many times it is cited in text. Works not cited in the text should not appear in the reference list. In compiling your APA reference list, you should: †¢ list references on a new page with a centred heading titled ‘References’ †¢ include books, journal articles, online sources etc. n one alphabetical listing †¢ order entries alphabetically by family name of author/s †¢ list works with no author under the first significant word of the title †¢ indent second and subsequent lines of each entry (5-7 spaces) †¢ use double spacing. Some examples follow; others can be found at www. apastyle. org Note: The examples are s eparated and placed under subheadings here to show each form. In a reference list, however, they would be all together in alphabetical order with no subheadings. Book Author, A. , Author, B. (year). Title of book. City: Publisher. Capitalise only the first letter of the first word of a book title and any proper nouns. The first letter of the sub-title (if any) is capitalised also. Example: Crawford, P. , Brown, B. , Nolan, P. (1998). Communicating care: The language of nursing. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes. Chapter or article in an edited book Author, A. , Author, B. (year). Title of chapter. In C. Editor, D. Editor (Eds. ), Title of book (pp. xx–xx). City: Publisher. Capitalise only the first letter of the first word of an article or chapter title, and any proper nouns. Example: Naidoo, B. (2000). Evaluating the use of public health risk factor simulation models. In M. Thorogood, Y. Coombes (Eds. ), Evaluating health promotion: Practice and methods (pp. 99–109). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Book, online Author, A. , Author, B. (year). Title of book. [details about   the format if available]. Retrieved from web address or doi If a digital object identifier [DOI] is provided then it should be given; if no DOI is available then the web address or uniform resource locator [URL], should be given. Date of retrieval is not required. Example: Munsterberg, H. (1916). The photoplay: A psychological study. Retrieved from http://www. gutenberg. org/files/15383/15383-8. txt Journal article Author, A. , Author, B. (year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), page numbers. †¢ The issue number should be indicated only if each issue of a journal begins on page 1. †¢ Capitalise only the first letter of the first word of an article title and subtitle, and any proper nouns. †¢ Capitalise the first letter of every main word in the journal title. †¢ Include a digital object identifier (DOI) if provided. Examples: Antonakos, C. L. , Kazanis, A. S. (2003). Research process in the health sciences: A focus on methods. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 17, 257–264. Clay, G. (2003). Assignment writing skills. Nursing Standard, 17(20), 47–52. Journal article, online Author, A. (year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number (issue number), page numbers. doi or Retrieved from web address If a digital object identifier [DOI] is provided then it should be given; if no DOI is available then the home page web address of the journal, or uniform resource locator [URL], should be given. Date of retrieval is not required. Examples: Ekwall, A. , Gerdtz, M. Manias, E. (2008). The influence of patient acuity on satisfaction with emergency care: perspectives of family, friends and carers. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17, 800–809. doi:10. 1111/j. 1365-2702. 2007. 02052. x Midford, R. (2005). Australia and alcohol: Living down the legend. Addiction, 100, 891–896. Retrieved from http://www. addictionjournal. or g/ Newspaper article Author, A. (year, month day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper, p. x. Example: Wroe, D. (2004, June 24). Canberra enlists GPs in war on smoking. The Age, p. 3. Newspaper article, no author Title of article. (year, month day). Title of Newspaper, p. x. Example: Embryo study nod, OK say IVF couples. (2004, May 31). Herald Sun, p. 10. Newspaper article, online Author, A. (year, month day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper. Retrieved from home page web address Example: Nader, C. (2009, June 19). Mental health issues soar among children. The Age. Retrieved from http://www. theage. com. au/ Group or organisation as author Organisation Name. (Year). Details of the work as appropriate to its form. When the author and publisher are the same, use the word Author as the name of the publisher. Example: Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2007). Migration Australia, 2005-06 (Cat. No. 3412. 0). Canberra:Author. Retrieved from http://www. ausstats. abs. gov. au/ausstats /subscriber. nsf/0/E0A79B147EA8E0B5CA2572AC001813E8/$File/34120_2005-06. pdf Up to seven authors Author, A. , Author, B. , Author, C. , Author, D. , Author, E. , Author, F. , Author, G. (year). Details of the work as appropriate to its form. Provide fa mily names and initials of all authors. Eight or more authors Author, A. , Author, B. , Author, C. , Author, D. , Author, E. , Author, F. , †¦ Author, M. (year). Details of the work as appropriate to its form. Provide family names and initials of the first six authors followed by three ellipses points and the last author’s family name and initial. Web page Author, A. , (year). Title of page. Retrieved Month, day, year from web address The title of a web page is not italicised. Retrieval date is given if it is believed the information could change over time. Example: Diabetes Australia. (2010). Gestational diabetes. Retrieved July 22, 2010 from http://www. diabetesaustralia. com. au/Understanding-Diabetes/What-is-Diabetes /Gestational-Diabetes-/ A sample reference list in APA style References Antonakos, C. L. , Kazanis, A. S. (2003). Research process in the health sciences: A focus on methods. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 17, 257–264. Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2007). Migration Australia, 2005-06 (Cat. No. 3412. 0). Canberra: Author. Retrieved from http://www. ausstats. abs. gov. au/ausstats/subscriber. nsf /0/E0A79B147EA8E0B5CA2572AC001813E8/$File/34120_2005-06. pdf Clay, G. (2003). Assignment writing skills. Nursing Standard, 17(20), 47–52. Crawford, P. , Brown, B. , Nolan, P. (1998). Communicating care: The language of nursing. Cheltenham: StanleyThornes. Diabetes Australia. 2010). Gestational diabetes. Retrieved July 22, 2010 from http://www. diabetesaustralia. com. au/Understanding-Diabetes/What-is-Diabetes /Gestational-Diabetes-/ Ekwall, A. , Gerdtz, M. Manias, E. (2008). The influence of patient acuity on satisfaction with emergency care:perspectives of family, friends and carers. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17, 800–809. doi:10. 1111/ j. 1365-2702. 2007. 02052. x Embryo study nod, OK say IVF couples. (2004, May 31). Herald Sun, p. 10. Midford, R. (2005). Australia and alcohol: Living down the legend. Addiction, 100, 891-896. Retrieved from http://www. ddictionjournal. org/ Munsterberg, H. (1916). The photoplay: A psychological study. Retrieved from http://www. gutenberg. org/files/15383/15383-8. txt Nader, C. (2009, June 19). Mental health issues soar among children. The Age. Retrieved from http://www. theage. com. au/ Naidoo, B. (2000). Evaluating the use of public health risk factor simulation models. In M. Thorogood Y. Coombes (Eds. ), Evaluating health promotion: Practice and methods (pp. 99–109). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Northern Territory Department of Justice. (2007). Step forward: Getting help about sexual violence. Retrieved from http://www. nt. gov. au/justice/documents/stepforward. pdf Wroe, D. (2004, June 24). Canberra enlists GPs in war on smoking. The Age, p. 3. Further reading Details of all referencing styles used at Deakin can be accessed at www. deakin. edu. au/referencing and in printed form from the Division of Student Life. Burton L. J. (2010). An interactive approach to writing essays and research reports in Psychology (3rd ed. ). Milton, Qld: John Wiley Sons. Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed. ). (2010). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. How to cite Apa System, Essay examples

System Design Mexican Food Outlet

Questions: 1. For the requirements analysis you will need to talk to people. Please detail five groups of people you will talk to about requirements and justify your answer? 2. Explain what methods you might use to discover the requirements for this system. 3. Provide a 750 word summary answering the question; what is scalability and why is it an important factor to consider when making recommendations to the franchise? Answers: Introduction The report has been prepared for a Mexican food outlet that is looking to start business on the Sunshine coast. It would be working under the franchise arrangement and would be expanding to several stores in various locations on the Sunshine coast. The stores would be required to be linked with each other for inventory management and order processing along with the setting up of wireless access points. The report covers the details on the requirements analysis for the business along with some significant details associated with system analysis and design. 1. Group 1 Target Customers: Kids, Adults and Senior Citizens The questions that will be asked and recorded from this group are as listed below. What do you expect from food outlets in terms of order processing and food delivery? What are the sources from which you get to know about a new restaurant in the area? Do you prefer visiting the food outlet or getting it delivered at home? What are the must-have items for you on a Mexican food restaurant menu? How do you like the payments to be processed? The group is the customers that would be using the restaurant the food outlet and it would be necessary to understand the expectations of the customers from the sections such as menu, payment processes, food delivery and order processing. The group will include the people from all the age groups. Group 2 Financial Advisors The questions that will be asked and recorded from this group are as listed below. What is the budget estimate for the project? What are the costs that can be avoided? What are the financial risks associated with the project? What are the necessary formalities and approvals from the financial and funding perspective? The feedback from the group would be essential to design a strong budget for the project along with accurate estimate of costs and analysis of associated risks. Group 3 Hotel and Restaurant Managers The questions that will be asked and recorded from this group are as listed below. What systems do you use for inventory management? What systems do you use for order processing? What tools and equipments do you use? How did you market your hotel/restaurant? How do manage the hotel/restaurant staff? The feedback from the group would be essential to design stronger systems for the overall management of the food outlet. Group 4 Network Administrators The questions that will be asked and recorded from this group are as listed below. How shall the wireless access points be set up? What are the wireless communication systems that shall be followed in the food outlet? The feedback from the group will be essential to set up strong network and access points to integrate several systems and business units together. Group 5 Market Analysts The questions that will be asked and recorded from this group are as listed below. What role would marketing activities play in this project and set up? What forms of marketing shall be used for the marketing and advertising of the food outlet? The feedback from the group will be essential to correctly market the food outlet. 2. After operational needs are assessed and the concept of operations (CONOPS) and high-level concept definition are completed, the next stepand typically the first task on development projectsis to discover, elicit, collect, define, and analyze requirements. Requirements cover various aspects of a capability or systemuser needs, behavioral, quality, implementation, etc. Requirements must be consolidated from many sources, including but not limited to experienced and new users, other stakeholders, SMEs, managers, and, if necessary, the users' customers. Operational users are key contributors because they provide some or all requirements for the system's functional and performance capabilities and user interface (Lutz, 2016). The analysts can discover requirements through the use of Questionnaires that is a special-purpose document that allows the analyst to collect information and opinions from respondents. Another method is Interviews which is a fact-finding technique whereby the systems analysts collect information from individuals through face-to-face interaction. Joint Requirements Planning (JRP) is a process whereby highly structured group meetings are conducted for the purpose of analyzing problems and defining requirements. Discovery Prototyping is the act of building a small-scale, representative or working model of the users requirements in order to discover or verify those requirements. Brainstorming is a technique for generating ideas by encouraging participants to offer as many ideas as possible in a short period of time without any analysis until all the ideas have been exhausted. Sampling is the process of collecting a representative sample of documents, forms, and records (Iusb, 2016). 3. Scalability is the ability to handle increased workload by repeatedly applying a cost effective strategy for extending a systems capacity (Weinstock and Goodenough, 2006). In other words, scalability refers to the ability of a system to give reasonable performance under growing demands (rising traffic or increased data volume). Not only is a scalable system assured to perform well under increasing load, it would also reduce the need of having to redesign the system under such challenges, and this translates to business gains such as the mitigation of possible financial loss or decreased customer confidence. Scalability is one of the most valuable quality attributes of a system. Scaling up or vertical scaling refers to resource maximization of a single unit to expand its ability to handle increasing load. In hardware terms, this includes adding processing power and memory to the physical machine running the server. In software terms, scaling up may include optimizing algorithms and application code. Optimization of hardware resources, such as parallelizing or having optimized number of running processes is also considered techniques of scaling up. Scaling out or horizontal scaling refers to resource increment by the addition of units to the system. This means adding more units of smaller capacity instead of adding a single unit of larger capacity. The requests for resources are then spread across multiple units thus reducing the excess load on a single machine (Khare, 2016). Importance of Scalability for Mexican Food Outlet The Mexican food outlet that is supposed to be opened on Sunshine Coast aims to work under a franchise arrangement for the other future stores. Hence the business will expand, and the resources that are associated with the business need to expand too. As per the requirement of investor, each outlet should be interconnected to ease the ordering and inventory management. The outlets should have wireless access points to ensure internet connectivity be provided to the customers. The project will start with a single outlet on the beach which will act as the base for all the other outlets. Hence the system should be designed in such a way that any amount of expansion doesnt affect the system that has been installed at this point. Hence the scalability becomes a pivotal factor for implementation of the franchise. As the business would develop from a solitary outlet to numerous outlets, the fundamental goal of taking care of the requests of the buyers would be to stay steady, yet the heap in this way would increment. Since the market requests are variable, and the essence of the shopper would change with time and as indicated by the accessibility of assets, the administration supplier ought to dependably be a stage ahead to meet the requests. The scalability of the system would therefore get to be vital as it would give the calculation control required for the extending organizations. The growing business would give more customers and the same would lead to more information that would be required to be dealt with in due time to offer better administrations (DaSilva et al. 2013). Additionally, the web access to buyers will feel the brunt in the case if lesser capacity would be introduced, and more clients turn up in the meantime. Thus repetition of the assets ought to be given the due significa nce. Aside from the web benefits, the request arrangement and stock management will likewise get to be intricate with the expanding measure of outlets, for the management of the same, PCs with interconnection must be given to decrease the multifaceted nature of dealing with the assets. For interconnection switches or centers ought to be introduced that is fit for pleasing every one of the frameworks that are introduced in the system. So it can be comprehended that the scalability ought to be remembered for an extending the framework (Wang et al. 2014). Henceforth it can be seen that establishment has a particular prerequisite, it is made to develop into a framework that is spread over a region. Since the necessity of the framework is constantly obscure and the development is unusual, some repetition is constantly useful, and scalability offers that additional mile to the association that would surely aide in better management of the framework (Jab?onski 2016). Conclusion There are five major groups that will be contacted for discovery and gathering of requirements as the customers, financial advisors, hotel and restaurant managers, network administrators and market analysts. The requirements will be gathered through various processes such as questionnaires, brainstorming, discovery prototyping and many others. Scalability is the ability to handle increased workload by repeatedly applying a cost effective strategy for extending a systems capacity and the same would play a significant role in this case. References DaSilva, C.M., Trkman, P., Desouza, K. and Lindi?, J., 2013. Disruptive technologies: a business model perspective on cloud computing.Technology Analysis Strategic Management,25(10), pp.1161-1173. Iusb, (2016). Requirements Discovery. [online] Available at: https://www.cs.iusb.edu/~hhakimza/C308/chap006.pdf [Accessed 15 Nov. 2016]. Jab?o?ski, A., 2016. Scalability of Sustainable Business Models in Hybrid Organizations.Sustainability,8(3), p.194. Khare, A. (2016). Scalability. [online] Available at: https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~seer/book/2e/Ch06.%20Scalability.pdf [Accessed 15 Nov. 2016]. Lutz, R. (2016). Ongoing Requirements Discovery in High-Integrity Systems. [online] Available at: https://web.cs.iastate.edu/~rlutz/publications/ieee-software04.pdf [Accessed 15 Nov. 2016]. Wang, C., Liu, X., Song, Y. and Han, J., 2014.Scalable and robust construction of topical hierarchies.arXiv preprint arXiv:1403.3460. Weinstock, C. and Goodenough, J. (2006). On System Scalability. 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